谢军　张磊

摘 要：运动参与是当今社会的普遍现象，是社会成员实现社会化的重要途径之一。根据生态系统理论，构建制约青少年运动参与的三因素结构模型，编制青少年运动参与制约因素量表。方法：选取北京市1 480名中小学生作为研究对象，采用探索性因素分析探讨运动参与阻碍因素问卷的结构；重新选取北京市1 507名中小学生，采用验证性因素分析检验探索得到的问卷结构。结果：1）探索性因素分析，提取前3个因素的累计贡献率为58.90%，各个因子负荷均大于0.4，3个因素依次是学校因素、家庭因素、个人因素；2）重新选取被试，对探索的运动参与阻碍因素三因素结构模型进行验证，最终修正的模型RMSEA为0.071、CFI为0.98、χ2/df为8.55，三因素分别是学校因素、家庭因素、个人因素。结论：制约青少年运动参与的三因素结构指标拟合情况理想，模型较稳定，形成的“青少年运动参与制约因素调查问卷”可以作为评价和了解青少年运动参与制约因素情况的测量工具。

关键词：青少年；运动参与；制约因素；探索性因素分析；验证性因素分析

中圖分类号：G 804.8 学科代码：040302 文献标识码：A

Abstract：Sports participation is a common phenomenon in today's society， and it is one of the important ways for social members to realize socialization. According to the theory of ecosystem， the purpose of this study was to construct the three factors model of restricting youth sports participation， and to develop youth sport participation restricting factors scale. Methods： firstly， this paper selected 1480 primary and middle school students in Beijing city as the research objects， using exploratory factor analysis to test the structure of the scale on restricting factors of youth sports participation， and then selected other 1507 primary and middle school students in Beijing city， using confirmatory factor analysis to re-test the structure of scale again. Results： 1） the exploratory factor analysis finds that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 3 factors was 58.90%， and each factor load was more than 0.4. The three factors include school factors， family factors and personal factors. 2） the confirmatory factor analysis finds RMSEA finally modified was 0.071， CFI was 0.98， χ2/df is 8.55， the fitting values were ideal， three factors include school factors， family factors and personal factors. Conclusion： This three-factor-structure which restricts the youth sports participation is ideal， and the model is more stable. The scale“Youth Sport Participation Restricting Factors”can be used as a measuring tool to evaluate and understand the constraints of youth sports participation.

Keywords：teenagers；sports participation；restricting factors；exploratory factor analysis；confirmatory factor analysis

1995年颁布的《中华人民共和国体育法》明确提出“国家提倡公民参加社会体育活动，增进身心健康；教育行政部门和学校应当将体育作为学校教育的组成部分，对学生在校期间每天用于体育活动的时间给予保证；学校应当组织多种形式的课外体育活动”[1]。运动参与的重要性由此可见一斑。经常有规律地参与体育运动，对增强学生的身心健康水平有一定的促进作用。……