严大为+黎景宜

【摘要】以美国作家梭罗的名作《瓦尔登湖》为材料，选取其中一些章节，并结合翻译大家徐迟、杨家盛、张知遥等译本，对译文进行赏析及评论。在欣赏文学翻译的同时，记录下自己的思考过程，并得出相关结论。

【关键词】瓦尔登湖 翻译 赏析

一、引言

Walden是19世纪美国作家梭罗的一部文学名作。《瓦尔登湖》有多种中文译本，徐迟、杨家盛、张知遥，戴欢等译本较为流行。

对比徐迟、杨家盛、张知遥几位大家的译本，笔者觉得从句法层面来讲，徐译本中存在普遍的欧化现象。其句法与当代汉语有一定距离，读起来不自然；而杨、张译本中的句法则相对灵活，更容易为当代读者所接受。其次，在语篇层面，徐迟以单词为翻译单位，其译本基本上遵循了原语语篇的范式；杨家盛、张知遥则更多地对原文进行了一些调整，并且还考虑到语篇意义的连贯性和一致性，译本更符合汉语的表达习惯。当然，徐迟先生毕竟是第一位翻译《瓦尔登湖》的人，而且年代较为久远，语言习惯也与今日不同。他为后代的翻译提供了许多宝贵经验与借鉴之处。

接下来试举两例以作说明。

二、译文节选及分析

例1. When I wrote the following pages， or rather the bulk of them， I lived alone， in the woods， a mile from any neighbor， in a house which I had built myself， on the shore of Walden Pond， in Concord， Massachusetts， and earned my living by the labor of my hands only. I lived there two years and two months. At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again.

I should not obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen concerning my mode of life， which some would call impertinent， though they do not appear to me at all impertinent， but， considering the circumstances， very natural and pertinent. Some have asked what I got to eat；if I did not feel lonesome；if I was not afraid；and the like. Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes；and some， who have large families， how many poor children I maintained. I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer some of these questions in this book. （Chapter 1， p.5）

（徐遲译）当我写后面那些篇页，或者后面那一大堆文字的时候，我是在孤独地生活着，在森林中，在马萨诸塞州的康科德城，瓦尔登湖的湖岸上，在我亲手建筑的木屋里，距离任何邻居一英里，只靠着我双手劳动，养活我自己。在那里，我住了两年又两个月。目前，我又是文明生活中的过客了。……