共享单车押金的性质及其监管问题探究
2017-12-02邓大鸣李子建
邓大鸣 李子建
关键词:共享单车;共享经济;互联网金融;押金;金融创新;商业运作模式;政府监管
摘要:共享单车押金盈利模式有益于提高金融资源的配置效率,对社会经济发展有一定的促进作用,但也可能隐伏着对社会公共利益和国家金融秩序的侵害。虽然它在互联网条件下具有融资的性质,有一定负外部性,但它并非一定就是非法集资,实乃金钱质押的一种特殊形式,其功用在于保障租赁法律关系中出租物的安全,因此,政府应以鼓励创新、包容审慎的理念对其加以监管。
中图分类号:D923.2; F492.5
文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-4474(2017)04-0094-07
Research on the Cash Pledge and Its Supervision of PublicSharing Bikes
DENG Daming, LI Zijian
(School of Public Management and Law, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)
Key words: publicsharing bike;sharing economy; internet finance; cash pledge; financial innovation; business operation model; government supervision
Abstract: Publicsharing bike deposit profit making mode can help to make a better use of the social financial resources, propelling the social economy forward. However it may also incur a certain harmfulness to the public interests and the states financial order. Though publicsharing bike deposit profit making mode in the internet time has a function of finance with certain negative externality, it is not the so called illegal fund collection, instead, a special form of the monetary pledge,aiming to safeguard the subject, namely the public sharing bike, in the leasing contract. So the government should exercise a supervision on the publicsharing bike deposit profit making mode under the ideology of encouraging creation and of tolerance and cautiousness.
共享單车金额巨大的押金及其监管缺失引发了社会公众的担忧,本文以分析共享单车押金的性质和政府监管现状为基础,探讨适宜的监管理念和监管措施以保障共享单车的健康运行和广大用户的合法权益。
一、共享单车押金性质、功能之辨析
什么是共享单车押金?现有法律并无明确规定。但是弄清楚这个问题又相当重要,因为这涉及未来此方面纠纷裁审时的法律适用,也涉及共享单车押金是否应该纳入政府金融监管范围及对其实施监管的法律依据问题。
(一)有关共享单车押金性质的争论
由于缺乏国家法律的明确规定,因此社会上在共享单车押金的性质问题上争议颇多,主要有以下观点。
第一种观点认为共享单车收取押金的行为涉嫌非法集资。该观点认为,共享单车预收押金的方式很容易形成巨大的资金池。……
