田开春 刘 军 吴贤军 高本旺 黄成名 韩俊勇 祁万宜

摘要 [目的]研究北亚热带高山地区椿树种和种源的保存率和生长性状，揭示椿树的适应性和生长性状变异规律。[方法]运用方差、相关统计分析方法，研究了营造6年生（苗龄2年）的椿树2个种33个种源成活率及生长量。[结果]椿树种源间成活率以及生长量均有较大差异，香椿生长明显优于毛红椿；初步筛选出适宜在北亚热带推广应用的3个优良香椿种源和1个优良毛红椿种源。3个香椿优良种源平均成活率比所有种源平均值提高15.5%，6年生平均树高和胸径分别比所有种源平均值提高23.5%和33.3%；6年生平均树高和胸径比本地种源平均值增长100%和16.1%。[结论]该研究可为椿树造林生产管理和规模发展提供理论依据。

关键词 椿树；香椿；毛红椿；种源；生长；选择

中图分类号 S722.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0154-03

Early Selection of Species and Provenances for Chinese Toona at High Mountain Region in Northern Subtropics

TIAN Kai-chun1，LIU Jun2*，WU Xian-jun1 et al

（1.State-owned Forest Farm of Zhangcunping at Yiling District of Yichang City，Yichang，Hubei 443145； 2.Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Fuyang，Zhejiang 311400）

Abstract [Objective]To study the preservation and growth traits of species and provenances for Chinese Toona at High Mountain Region in Northern Subtropics，and reveal the adaptability and variation of growth traits of Chinese Toona.[Method]Using ANOVA，statisitical analysis method，the survival rate and growth of 6 years old Chinese Toona，kinds of 33 provenanees were studied.[Result]The results showed that the provenance survival rate and the growth amount had great differences between 32 provenances.Trees of T.sinensis growed obviously better than these of T.ciliata var.pubescens.Three and one superior provenances of T.sinensis and T.ciliata var.pubescens were selected，respectively.The average survival rate of three superior provenances for T.sinensis had 15.5% increase over average of all provenances.Compared with the provenance overall average，average height and DBH of six-years-old three superior provenances were increased respectively 23.5% and 33.3%.And compared with the local provenance，average height and DBH of six-years-old three superior provenances were increased respectively 100% and 161%.[Conclusion]The study can provide theoretical basis for the development of production management and the scale development for Chinese Toona.

Key words Chinese Toona；T.sinensis；T.ciliata var.pubescens；Provenance；Growth；Selection

三峡地区椿树树种主要有红椿（T.ciliata Roem.）、毛红椿[T.ciliata Roem.var.pubescens（Franch.） Hand.-Mazz.]、紫椿（T.microcarpa Harms）和香椿（T.sinensis），其中红椿、毛红椿属国家二级重点保护植物[1]。香椿原产我国，分布于长江南北的广泛山区，是落叶乔木，雌雄异株，叶为偶数羽状复叶，圆锥花序，花白色兩性，果实是蒴果，种子具翅，可以用种子进行繁殖。香椿树体高大，是培育大径材、园林绿化的优选树种。香椿幼芽营养丰富，具有食疗作用，主治风湿痹痛、外感风寒、胃痛、痢疾等[2]。毛红椿主要分布于江西、云南、四川、安徽、湖南、广西、广东、贵州等省区，以及印度和印度印西亚等国家。毛红椿垂直分布于海拔500～2 500 m，多为天然零星分布，是珍贵用材树种，具有很高的经济价值和开发利用前景[3]。……