王天娇 朱卫红 吴婷婷

摘要[目的]研究延吉市农田土壤肥力状况，为延吉市农田土壤的合理施肥提供参考依据。[方法] 采集82个农田土壤样品，其中玉米农田57个，水稻农田25个，对其进行土壤肥力相关的化学分析，然后采用主成分分析法对该区域的农田土壤肥力进行分级研究，并给予综合评价。[结果]延吉市农田土壤肥力指标可归为4个主要成分的82个评价因子，通过聚类分析方法计算得到玉米样点IFI值的得分在-1.643 2～1.732 0，水稻样点IFI值的得分在-1.673 1～1.712 9。[结论]该方法可从一定程度上反映田区土壤的肥力标准概况以及能对土壤养分供应能力及丰缺度作出相对正确的评价。

关键词土壤肥力；主成分分析；综合评价

中图分类号S158.3文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2017）26-0116-03

Comprehensive Evaluation of Farmland Soil Fertility in Yanji City

WANG Tianjiao，ZHU Weihong*，WU Tingting（College of Science ，Yanbian University，Yanji，Jilin 133000）

Abstract[Objective] Farmland soil fertility was studied to provide references for rational fertilization of farmland soil in Yanji City. [Methods]Collected 82 soils， including 57 corn farmland， 25 rice farmland， chemical analysis related to soil fertility was carried out，and then principal component analysis method was adopted to study classification of soil fertility and gave comprehensive evaluation in the region. [Result] The soil fertility index of farmland in Yanji City can be classified into 82 major components of the 4 evaluation factors， the corn samples values of IFI score was in the range of -1.643 2-1.732 0 by cluster analysis method， the rice sample value of IFI score was in the range of -1.673 1-1.712 9. [Conclusion] This research can reflect the soil fertility standard of soil in a certain extent and can make a relatively correct evaluation of soil nutrient supply capacity and abundance.

Key wordsSoil fertility；Principal component analysis；Comprehensive evaluation

土壤作為农业生产的基础，土壤质量水平的高低与作物产量、农产品质量以及农业发展物有直接的关系，因此土壤质量已经成为现代土壤学研究的核心[1]。近十几年来，国内外的许多学者对土壤质量以及土壤肥力综合评价与演变机理展开了研究，曹承绵等[2]提出了数值综合评价法，此方法要求从整体观点出发，不能仅考虑个别的单项肥力指标。另外，指数和法[3]、分数定级法[4]和Fuzzy综合评判法[5]也在土壤肥力评价中具有一定的价值。目前，各国都十分重视土壤质量，美国[6]的NRCS、ARS等部门及其他部门多年来一直鼓励人们采取最好的管理措施。

对土壤肥力的正确认识和科学客观的评价是准确了解土壤本质及更好利用土壤资源的保障，成为近年来国内外研究的重点[7]。……