范茜　周波

摘要介绍了傣族“竜林”的历史变遷概况，将其变迁的动因归结为人口急剧增加、农业生产方式改变、外来文化对傣族传统文化的冲击。分析了傣族“竜林”变迁的生态及社会后果，认为其生态后果是导致水土流失、自然灾害频发，而社会后果是使得傣族传统生态观念淡薄、传统社会道德观逐渐缺失。在此基础上，提出傣族“竜林”保护的对策和建议，强调要树立傣族传统文化的自信心，开展“竜林”资源调查和梳理工作，制订傣族“竜林”保护规划，以及在生态学指导下进行“竜林”旅游景点开发。

关键词傣族；“竜林”；变迁；生态观念；道德观；传统文化

中图分类号TU98文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2017）20-0255-04

AbstractThe historical changes of the “long forest” is introduced，while the reasons for the change are attributed to the rapid increase of population，the change of agricultural production mode and the impact of foreign culture on the traditional culture of Dai Nationality.The changes of ecological and social consequences of “long forest” are analyzed，and the ecological effect are specified as water and soil loss，frequent natural disasters，and the social effect as poor ecological consciousness of the local people and fading traditional morality.On this basis，protection countermeasures and suggestions about “long forest” are put forward，which emphasize to establish the traditional culture of the Dai Nationalitys selfconfidence，carry out the “long forest” resource survey and review work，formulate the protection planning of “long forest”，as well as develope “long forest” tourist attractionin under the guidance of ecology.

Key wordsDai nationality；“Long forest”；Change；Ecological concept；Moral outlook；Traditional culture

“long”音在傣語中的意思是森林，汉语通常将其翻译为“龙、垄、陇、竜”等。自从桑木底创立寨神勐神之后，傣族先民就把供奉祖先神灵的水源林敬奉为“竜林”。作为村寨的神林，除了举行祭祀活动外，任何人都不能随意进入，“竜林”内的山水、林木、鸟兽虫鱼等均神圣不可侵犯。傣族先民以“竜林”崇拜的方式敬仰森林，以禁忌的方式阻止人们对森林和水源的破坏，借助这些措施，傣族“竜林”成为保存完好的自然保护区。

解放后，人口的剧增、传统农业生产方式的改变和外来文化的冲击，使得傣族地区的“竜林”资源与“竜林”文化受到毁灭性的打击。“竜林”变迁所造成的生态和社会后果是十分严重的，水土流失、水资源匮乏、自然灾害频发等现象正是现今傣族地区生态环境恶化的明显表征。……