邓冰

摘 要 在当前中国经济增速放缓、产能过剩、资源配置不均等的背景下，大力发展高新技术产业对经济社会全局和长远发展有着重大引领带动作用，而如何科学地评价我国高新技术企业持续竞争优势，对其提升核心竞争力具有重要的现实意义.本文通过构建了由显性优势、环境适应优势和再造优势三个层次共24个指标的高新技术企业持续竞争优势评价指标体系.通过层次分析法确定指标权重，结合模糊综合评价法与灰色关联分析法分别建立高新技术企业绝对持续竞争优势与相对持续竞争优势评价模型，并以三一重工为例进行实证分析.结合两种评价模型，企业既能对自身竞争优势进行系统分析，也能针对竞争对手进行客观比较.这为高新技术企业持续竞争优势的综合评价提供了一个可行的框架，使得企业各项管理工作更具有针对性和方向性，为今后在宏观层面进一步创造公平竞争环境的市场化改革提供了思路.

关键词 企业管理；评价指标体系；模糊综合评价；高新技术企业；灰色关联分析

中图分类号 F110.20 文献标识码 A

Abstract This paper introduced an evaluation system of hi-tech firms' sustained competitive advantage with 24 variables， which were categorized into three groups： revealed advantage， environmental-adopted advantage and reconfigured advantage. Analytic hierarchy process was applied to assign weight to each variable. Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Grey Relational Analysis were chosen to build the evaluation models of hi-tech firms' sustained competitive advantage. At last， SANY Heavy Industry was chosen to perform an empirical test. By combining evaluation models， firms are able to analyze their advances as well as to compare with their competitors. This gives a feasible evaluation framework of sustainable competitive advantage for hi-tech firms， and also provides ideas to market-oriented reform at the government level.

Key words enterprise management；evaluation index system；fuzzy comprehensive evaluation；hi-tech firms；grey relationship analysis

1 引 言

20世纪70、80年代以来，在信息经济、网络经济和知识经济日益明显的作用下，技术发展日新月异、知识扩散迅速、竞争日趋全球化，企业的竞争环境已从相对稳定的静态环境转向复杂多变且不确定的动态环境.在动态竞争领域中，企业总是希望能对其竞争对手建立并保持竞争优势……