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Markov链利率下再保险模型的破产概率上界

2016-11-09牛祥秋

经济数学 2016年3期

牛祥秋

摘 要 研究了如何确定离散时间情况下再保险模型破产概率上界的问题.为了降低自身的破产风险,保险公司常常对部分乃至全部资产进行再保险.假定索赔间隔时间和索赔额具有一阶自回归结构,假定利率过程为取值于可数状态空间的Markov链.建立了其比例再保险模型,分别用递归更新技巧和鞅方法得到模型的破产概率上界.该破产概率上界作为评估再保险公司偿付能力和风险控制能力的重要指标,对于它的研究成果能为再保险人做出重大决策提供重要的依据,具有较为重要的理论和现实意义.

关键词 概率论; 上界; 鞅; 比例再保险; 破产概率; Markov链利率

中图分类号 O211.9 文献标识码 A

Abstract Upper bounds for the ruin probability of reinsurance were studied in a discrete time risk model. To reduce the risk, there is a possibility to reinsure a part or the whole reserve. In the model, the time between the occurrence of the claims and the claims were assumed to be the AR(1) structure, the interest rates followed a Markov chain with a denumerable state space. The risk model of proportional reinsurance was considered. The upper bounds for the ruin probability were derived both by renewal recursive technique and martingale method. As an important indicator of the abilities of solvency and risk management, the research of the ruin probability can provide an important basis for reinsurer's major decisions, so it has important theoretical and practical significance.

Key words probability theory; upper bound ; Martingale; proportional reinsurance; Markov chain interest rate

1 引 言

破产概率是风险研究的内容之一.保险公司为了降低破产风险而倾向于把部分甚至是全部资产进行再保险,因此对再保险破产概率的研究很具有现实意义. Cai(2002a)研究了利率为独立同分布的随机变量情形的离散时间风险模型破产概率上界估计[1];Cai(2002b)研究了利率为一阶自回归情形的离散时间风险模型破产概率上界估计[2].Cai,Dickson(2004)考虑了利率为Markov链形式的风险模型,并且分别用递归方法和鞅方法得出了破产概率的上界[3]; Yang,Zhang(2003)研究了保费和索赔额具有一阶自回归结构的常利率风险模型,得到破产概率的指数型和非指数型上界[4]; Lin,Wang(2006)研究了净损失额(索赔额减去保费)具有一阶自回归结构,利率为Markov链形式的风险模型,并且分别用归纳法和鞅方法得出了破产概率的上界[5];……

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