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公民权视角下宅基地退出中农民权益保障研究

2016-10-19汪凯翔胡银根常帅田甜

湖北农业科学 2016年5期
关键词:公民权

汪凯翔 胡银根 常帅 田甜

摘要:从公民权这一视角出发,运用综合分析法、文献资料法与实证研究法,探讨了宅基地退出过程中农民权益受损现状,在分析其受损原因的基础上提出了保障农民权益的对策。结果表明,现行宅基地退出的主要途径是政府主导,退出过程中农民的私人权益、社会权益、政治权益受到侵犯,其原因主要是现行土地制度为政府侵犯农民权益留下空间、地方政府权力受约束不力以及农民自身权利意识淡薄。由此提出了保障农民权益需要重构宅基地制度、优化宅基地利用对策、规范地方政府权力运行以及培育农民权利意识的建议。

关键词:公民权;宅基地退出;权益保障;农民

中图分类号:F301.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1324-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.059

Research on Protection of Farmers Rights and Interests in the Process of Residential Land Exit: From the Perspective of Citizenship

WANG Kai-xiang1,2,HU Yin-gen1,3,CHANG Shuai2,TIAN Tian4

(1.College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2.Yantai Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources Economic Technical Development Area Branch, Yantai 264006, Shandong,China; 3.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 4. Shaanxi Land Construction Group, Xian 710075, China)

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand current situation of suffering of farmers rights and interests, and put forward countermeasures to protect their rights and interests based on analysis on causes, from the perspective of citizenship. The documentation and empirical analysis are used. The results indicated that current residential land exit is mostly guided by government, and farmers civil, social ts and political rights and interests were encroached on. It is because that government can infringe farmers rights and interests because of the current land system defect, officials exert power under insufficient control, and the lack of farmers rights awareness. In order to protect farmers rights and interests, residential land system must change and residential land should be optimal utilized, local government power running must be standardized, famers consciousness of rights must be trained.

Key words: citizenship; residential land exit; rights and interests protection; farmer

隨着中国国民经济的快速发展和城镇化步伐的不断加快,城镇建设用地需求不断加大和耕地保护的矛盾日益突出。与此同时,大量农村人口涌入城市,农村人口不断下降,但是农村居民点用地面积却呈现增长的趋势。农村地区普遍存在着建新不拆旧、一户多宅、“空心村”现象,土地闲置、利用效率低下现象突出,而宅基地退出机制的缺失是导致目前宅基地利用存在问题的根本原因[1]。目前,在城乡建设用地增减挂钩这一政策指引下,全国各地纷纷开展宅基地退出实践,涌现出天津“宅基地换房”、浙江“两分两换”、重庆“地票”等典型模式。学术界对宅基地退出的相关研究主要集中于宅基地退出的模式、机制、补偿标准及其影响因素分析、退出意愿、增值收益分配等方面[2-8],现有研究只在某一方面提及农民权益问题,专门研究农民权益保障的文献较少。……

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