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资源约束下耕地占补平衡政策展望与对策

2016-10-19杨礼继陈心宇方勇

湖北农业科学 2016年5期

杨礼继 陈心宇 方勇

摘要:回顾过去15年中国耕地占补平衡制度发展历程,采用文献研究法、经验总结法和定性分析法分析了耕地占补平衡存在的问题。研究结果表明,耕地占补平衡存在耕地后备资源不足、质量不高、分布不均,耕地质量把关缺位、“占优补劣”现象普遍,部分项目选址不合理、造成资金浪费和生态恶化等问题。最后提出,从创新编制补充耕地项目实施性规划、按耕地质量等级征收耕地占用税、用好城乡建设用地增减挂钩结余耕地指标、推进耕地占补平衡指标的市场化交易等四个方面完善耕地占补平衡政策。

关键词:资源约束;耕地占补平衡;耕地质量;武汉市

中图分类号:F301 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1343-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.063

Outlook and Countermeasures of Cultivated Land Requisition-compensation

Balance Policy under Resource Constraints

YANG Li-ji1,CHEN Xin-yu2, FANG Yong3

(1.Xiaogan Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei, China; 2. 13 class of Senior Middle School, Hubei Wuchang Experimental High School , Wuhan 430061, China; 3.Wuhan Planning & Design Institute, Wuhan 430014, China)

Abstract: Based on the summary of the main problems in the past 15 years, using metnods of literature research, experience summary and qualitative analysis, a number of problems related with cultivatedland requisition-compensation balance has been emerged, insufficient reserve resources of cultivated land, low-quality and uneven distribution, absence of farmland quality control, widespread “requisition good, compensate poor” phenomena, money wasting and ecological deterioration resulted from unwise choices of project sites. To solve the problems above, this paper proposed the following suggestions implement the plans of cultivated land projects by the construction of innovation system, collect farmland occupation tax according to the quality of cultivated land, control the target of the urban and rural construction land from the plan of the land using, and promote market transactions of the warrants of the cultivated land requisition-compensation balance.

Key words: resource constraints; cultivated land requisition-compensation balance; cultivated land quality; Wuhan city

自1999年耕地占补平衡制度实施以来,耕地占补为中国的耕地保护做出了巨大的贡献,有效遏制了耕地快速减少趋势,强化了全社会耕地保护意识,维护了国家粮食安全。但在耕地后备资源持续减少、生態保护压力日益增大、补充耕地质量升级等“资源紧约束”的现实情况下,耕地占补平衡面临巨大的压力和挑战。

1 耕地占补平衡制度回顾

1.1 制度的提出

1999年1月1日施行的《土地管理法》规定:非农业建设经批准占用耕地的,按照“占多少,垦多少”的原则,由占用耕地的单位负责开垦与所占用耕地的数量和质量相当的耕地;没有条件开垦或者开垦的耕地不符合要求的,应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳耕地开垦费,专款用于开垦新的耕地。……

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