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农村劳动力转移对劳动生产率增长的效应分析

2016-10-19刘后平邓霞

湖北农业科学 2016年5期

刘后平 邓霞

摘要:运用Shift-share方法对总劳动生产率的变动因素进行分解,计算出劳动力转移总效应和各产业劳动生产率增长效应,以及各时期和各城市群的劳动力转移效应。结果表明,第一产业的劳动力转移效应小于零,表现为转出效应;第二产业、第三产业的劳动力转移效应大于零,表现为转入效应;长期劳动力转移效应比短期劳动力转移效应小,共变因素对劳动生产率影响较大。因此,继续推进农村劳动力城乡和产业间转移可以提高劳动生产率,有利于促进产业结构调整和区域经济发展。

关键词:劳动力转移;劳动生产率;转移效应;经济增长;四川省

中图分类号:F323.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1336-07

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.062

The Effect Analysis of Rural Labor Transfer on Labor Productivity Growth:

Based on Data of Sichuan Province

LIU Hou-ping,DENG Xia

(Commercial College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China)

Abstract: Using Shift-share method, variable factors of total labor productivity were analyzed, the effect of total labor transfer, the effect of each industry labor productivity growth, and the effect of labor transfer in each period and each urban agglomeration were calculated. The results show that: the labor transfer effect of first industry is less than zero, showing transfer out effect; the labor transfer effect of secondary and tertiary industries is greater than zero, meaning transfer into effect; the labor transfer effect of Long-term is less than that of short-term, and labor productivity is strongly influenced by the covariant factors. Therefore, continuing to push forward the rural labor transfer between urban and rural areas and industries can improve labor productivity; it also can be helpful to promoting the adjustment of the industrial structure and the regional economic development.

Key Words: rural labor transfer; labor productivity; transfer effect; economic growth; Sichuan province

2013年中央一号文件指出,始终把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重,把城乡发展一体化作为解决“三农”问题的根本途径。城乡发展一体化伴随着农村劳动力向城镇或向非农产业转移,这说明劳动力转移问题的重要性。在市场经济体制下,由于农业劳动生产率低,非农产业的劳动生产率高,将农业过剩的劳动力转移到非农产业可以促进各个产业的发展,但是农村劳动力转移在其中能起到多大的作用还需要深入的理论和实证分析。

工业化和城市化是最终消除城乡二元结构的根本路径[1]。由于城乡劳动生产率的差异所造成的城乡工资差别,在经济人理性和市场机制的作用下,农业剩余劳动力会源源不断地从农村转移到城市产业,农业劳动力数量的减少和人力资本的提高[2],农业劳动效率和农民收入水平将与城市产业相接近,出现刘易斯转折点并最终实现一元经济[3]。……

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