梁小霞 关渐明 周肖郁 黄婉明 黄诗敏 谭瑞金

[摘要] 目的 探讨参与式健康教育对母乳喂养自我效能的影响和作用。 方法 选取2013年7月～2014年6月住院分娩的产妇300例，分为研究组和对照组，各150例。两组产妇在住院期间均按健康教育路径进行常规母乳喂养；研究组产妇出院时，由护士实施参与健康教育模式，与其一起制定出院后母乳喂养计划。比较两组产妇母乳喂养自我效能量表（BSES）、母乳喂养知识问卷、社会支持评定等量化指标评分及纯母乳喂养率。 结果 在BSES评分、母乳喂养知识问卷评分、（SSRS）评分及纯母乳喂养率，研究组分别是（133.48±6.17）分、（12.82±1.52）分、（47.23±4.86）分、74.6%；对照组分别是（120.64±7.96）分、（11.43±1.43）分、（32.87±5.55）分、63.3%，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 参与式健康教育促进了母乳喂养的社会支持，提高了母乳喂养的自我效能，从而达到提高母乳喂养的目的。

[关键词] 健康教育；母乳喂养；自我效能；社会支持

[中图分类号] R72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2016）03（c）-0171-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the impact and role of participating health education on breastfeeding self efficacy. Methods 300 puerperas in our hospital from June 2013 to July 2014 were selected and divided into study group and control group，150 cases in each group.Puerperas in two groups were given routine health education of breastfeeding according to health education route during hospital stay.The puerpera in study group were conducted participating in health education model by nurses at discharged and breastfeeding plan after discharging were formulated with them.The quantitative indicators score liked breastfeeding self efficacy scale （BSES），breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire and social support assessment and rate of pure breastfeeding in two groups were compared. Results The quantitative indicators score liked BSES，breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire and social support assessment （SSRS） and rate of pure breastfeeding in study group were respectively （133.48±6.17），（12.82±1.52），（47.23±4.86） and 74.6%，which were respectively （120.64±7.96），（11.43±1.43），（32.87±5.55） and 63.3%，and the difference was statistical significance （P<0.05）. Conclusion participating health education promotes the social support of breastfeeding，enhances the self efficacy of breastfeeding and then achieves the purpose of raising breastfeeding.

[Key words] Health education；Breastfeeding；Self efficacy；Social support

母乳喂养是指用母亲的乳汁喂养婴儿的方式。母乳的优点不胜枚举，因此WHO大力推荐，为了实现最佳生长、发育和健康，婴儿在出生后最初6个月内应完全接受不添加任何食物的纯母乳喂养。目前，欧美发达国家母乳喂养率约为60%，而我国的母乳喂养率与之相差甚远，虽喂养率有所提高，但常常小于6个月就停止母乳喂养[1]，6个月以下纯母乳喂养率低于发展中国家的评价水平[2]。普遍存在母乳喂养认识率不足，母乳喂养间短，纯母乳喂养率低等问题。一位母亲对她自己母乳喂养能力的自信心决定着她母乳喂养的时间长短，通过行为干预，人文关怀，增加自我效能，可提高母亲对母乳喂养的信心[3-4]。……