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铁缺乏对巨幼细胞贫血实验室指标的影响

2016-07-11苏延军李改英田芳

中国当代医药 2016年9期

苏延军 李改英 田芳

[摘要] 目的 观察铁缺乏对巨幼细胞贫血(MA)血常规、生化及铁代谢指标的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月~2015年10月我院门诊或住院确诊MA的患者103例,以合并铁缺乏者44例为观察组,无铁缺乏者59例为对照组,比较两组的血常规、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、非结合胆红素(UB)、血清叶酸(FA)、维生素B12 (VitB12)及铁代谢等指标。 结果 两组的年龄、血红蛋白(Hb)水平及血清FA水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组女性比例较对照组增高,两组的平均红细胞体积(MCV)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、UB及血清铁蛋白(SF)、总铁结合力(TIBC)、血清铁(SI)、转铁饱和度(TfS)、VitB12水平等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 单纯MA常表现为全血细胞减少,MCV、UB、SF增高。MA合并铁缺乏以女性多见,实验诊断特点不典型或缺失,不利于与再生障碍性贫血及其他恶性血液病的鉴别诊断。

[关键词] 巨幼细胞贫血;铁缺乏;平均红细胞体积;非结合胆红素;血清铁蛋白

[中图分类号] R556.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)03(c)-0116-04

[Abstract] Objective To observe the influence of iron deficiency on indexes of blood routine,biochemistry and iron metabolism in megaloblastic anemia (MA). Methods From January 2008 to October 2015,103 patients definitely diagnosed as MA in outpatient clinic and hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 44 patients together with iron deficiency and they were classified into observation group,and the rest without iron deficiency were categorized into control group.The indexes including blood routine,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),unconjugated bilirubin (UB),serum folic acid (FA),vitamin B12 (VitB12) and iron metabolism and so on between two groups was compared respectively. Results There were no statistical difference of age,hemoglobin level (Hb) or serum FA level (P>0.05).The proportion of female in observation group was higher than that in control group,and level of mean corpuscular volume (MCV),red cell distribution width (RDW),UB and serum ferritin (SF),total iron binding capacity (TIBC),serum iron (SI),transferrin saturation (TfS), and VitB12 were displayed statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Simple MA only usually presents with pancytopenia,and increase of MCV,UB,and SF.MA complicated with iron deficiency is commonly-seen in female sex.The experimental diagnostic characteristics are atypical or even deficiency,which is not beneficial to differentiation and diagnosis of aplastic anemia and other malignant hematologic disease.

[Key words] Megaloblastic anemia;Iron deficiency;Mean corpuscular volume;Unconjugated bilirubin;Serum ferritin

巨幼细胞贫血(megaloblastic anemia,MA)是由于叶酸(FA)和(或)维生素B12相对或绝对缺乏或其他原因导致的脱氧核糖核酸合成障碍所引起的一种贫血性疾病。临床症状多表现[1-2]为头晕、纳差乏力,反复舌炎等,部分伴有神经脱髓鞘肢体麻木等,多数无特异性或无症状。单纯MA的实验诊断特点[1-3]为典型大细胞贫血,常伴有2~3系血细胞减少,需与再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合征等重症、恶性血液病鉴别;生化检验:乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及胆红素增高,需与恶性肿瘤、肝胆疾病及溶血性疾病鉴别;部分患者血清FA及维生素B12水平无降低,需完善多数医疗单位未开展的红细胞叶酸及甲基丙二酸检测。铁代谢特点表现为幼红细胞铁失利用及铁负荷过度,需除外慢性病贫血、恶性血液病及其他铁负荷过载性疾病,故临床诊断MA多需联合红细胞参数、血生化及血清叶酸(FA)、维生素B12测定,必要时行骨髓检查,后者基层医院不能常规开展或不为患者接受。缺铁……

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