学龄前儿童焦虑的早期干预效果
2015-07-16周凤秋朱明哲姜宏杰等
周凤秋 朱明哲 姜宏杰等

[摘要] 目的 对学龄前儿童焦虑的早期干预效果进行评价。 方法 将Spence学龄前儿童焦虑量表得分≥48分的儿童,随机分为干预组和监测组。干预组对患儿家长在10周时间内共进行6次集体教育课程,讲解对儿童焦虑的管理,监测组只进行随访。所有受试儿童在第3个月、6个月、1年、1年半时分别用量表再次进行测评,比较两组间的差异。 结果 在3个月、6个月、1年、1年半时干预组量表得分持续降低,与监测组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 早期对学龄前焦虑儿童的父母进行短期教育课程培训,可有效缓解儿童焦虑症状并具有远期效果。
[关键词] 儿童;学龄前;焦虑;早期干预
[中图分类号] R749.94 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)11-0059-03
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the effect of early intervention in preschool children anxiety. Methods Children with Spence anxiety preschool scale score≥48 points were randomly divided into the intervention group and monitor group. The parents of children in intervention group were educated with a total of 6 collective curriculum of children's anxiety management, while the monitor group were followed up only. All the children were evaluated by scale on the third month, sixth month, one year and one and a half years respectively, and then the differences of the two groups were compared. Results The average score of the intervention group decreased continuously on the third month, sixth month, one year and one and a half years, and the differences of the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Early short-term education for parents can relieve their preschool children's anxiety effectively with long term effect.
[Key words] Children; Preschool; Anxiety; Early intervention
儿童时期的焦虑障碍是儿童常见的一种情绪障碍疾病,主要表现为强迫、焦虑、恐怖症状。国外通过筛查(DSM-Ⅳ焦虑障碍诊断标准)发现学龄前期儿童焦虑障碍大约为9%~10%[1]。我国也有文献通过量表筛查得出结论:学龄前儿童14.1%存在不同程度的焦虑情绪[2]。目前公认的是改善亲子关系就必须改善父母的教养方式,才可以做到改善儿童时期情绪及处理问题的方式[3]。所以干预方式研究的重点是亲子互动治疗(parent-child interaction therapy,PCIT)[4]。但早期干预的效果能持续多久,相关的研究结果并不多。本研究目的是在对学龄前儿童焦虑早期干预的前期工作基础上进行长期随访以了解其远期效果。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
自2013年3~9月期间运用整群抽样的统计学方法在烟台牟平城区内三所幼儿园中随机选取共786名学龄前儿童(其中男407名,女379名),年龄36~60个月。共发放786份Spence学龄前儿童焦虑量表父母调查问卷,采取集体填写的方式,由参加此次调查研究的医疗专业人员集中组织儿童父母进行现场指导填写,并在现场回收问卷。……
