水蛭肠道微生物的研究进展
2015-07-13陈亚莉王贵虎张全星等
陈亚莉 王贵虎 张全星等
摘要 水蛭(蚂蝗)是一种重要的中药材,其唾腺分泌的水蛭素具有抗凝血作用,被广泛应用于医疗手术和心血管疾病治疗,具有较高的医疗价值与经济价值。水蛭肠道微生物与水蛭的消化、营养、免疫和抗菌等功能密切相关,也可能与水蛭素的分泌有关。对水蛭肠道微生物的研究方法、菌群组成及作用等方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期为水蛭肠道微生物的深入研究和利用提供理论和方法参考,为推动水蛭养殖业发展和扩展水蛭和水蛭素的医学应用提供理论基础。
关键词 水蛭;肠道微生物;研究方法
中图分类号 S917.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-164-03
The Research Progress of Leech Gut Microbes
CHEN Yali1 , WANG Guihu2, ZHANG Quanxing1 et al
(1. Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi 710062; 2. National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics & Biotherapy, Xian Jiao Tong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004)
Abstract Leech is a traditional Chinese medicine with great importance, its salivary gland secretion hirudin has been widely used into medical surgery, therefore, has a very high economic value. Microbes dwell in leech gut have several functions, such as synthesizing the necessary nutrients for their hosts, stimulating the immune system, and defensing the extraneous pathogens, closely related to the secretion of hirudin and the health of leech. In this research, a review of the study methods, composition and activity of the microbe communities dwell in the Leech gut was given, in order to provide some theoretical and methodological guidance for the further study of gut microbiota in leech, setting theoretical basis for the development of the leech aquaculture industry and for the further expansions of the medical application of hirudin and leech.
Key words Leech; Gut microbes; Research method
動物肠道内栖息着大量的微生物,经过长期共同进化,最终形成复杂且呈动态平衡的微生物群落。大量研究表明,这些消化道内的微生物对宿主健康有极其重要的意义,如果微生态平衡失调,机体正常的生理功能便会紊乱,引发疾病[1]。动物的食性选择和觅食行为也是经历长期而复杂的选择压力的进化结果[2],动物自身缺失合成某些营养物质的能力,导致其必须依赖体内的共生菌来完成相应功能,比如帮助宿主从食物中进一步摄取营养物质,合成一些关键代谢反应的化合物[3]。因此,动物肠道微生物对宿主的影响及其与疾病等的联系已成为近年来研究的热点问题[4-6]。
水蛭(Leech)隶属环节动物门、蛭纲,俗称蚂蟥。目前全世界已报道的水蛭共有300多种[7],我国已知2目8科33属约76种和亚种,广泛分布于我国大部分地区[8]。……
