茶树油保存过程中化学成分的变化研究
2014-09-23秦荣秀梁忠云李桂珍陈海燕
秦荣秀+梁忠云+李桂珍+陈海燕
摘 要 采用气相色谱法,对茶树油的化学组分进行分析,考察不同贮存条件和贮存时间对茶树油主要成分的影响。结果表明,茶树油在保存过程中,主要成分4-松油醇相对比较稳定,含量变化不大。大部分单萜烯的含量呈减少趋势,减少量最大的组分是α-松油烯。而对伞花烃异于其他单萜烯,随着存放时间的延长含量增加,是增加量最大的组分。在保存过程中,茶树油单萜烯向对伞花烃、单萜醇以及单萜烯氧化产物等物质转化。因此,茶树油只能短时间保存在玻璃瓶中。
关键词 茶树油 ;化学成分 ;保存
分类号 R282
Variation of the Chemical Constituents of Tea Tree Oil during
the Course of Conservation
QIN Rongxiu1) LIANG Zhongyun1,2) LI Guizhen1) CHEN Haiyan1)
(1 Guangxi Forestry research institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530002, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China,Nanning, Guangxi 530002)
Abstract The chemical constituents of tee tree oil were identified by GC. Study on the influence of chemical constituents of tee tree oil in the different preservation condition and preservation time. The results showed that tea tree oil during the course of conservation, the content of the main constituent of 4-terpineol was keep stabilization. Most of the content of monoterpenes were gradually decreased. Maximum reduction component was α-Terpinen. But p-cymene was different from the other monoterpenes, with the storage time extension the content increase, was the biggest increase component. In the storage process, the monoterpenes of tea tree oil to p-cymene, monoterpene alcohols and monoterpene oxidation products transformation. Therefore, tea tree oil stored in glass bottles only for short time.
Keywords tea tree oil ; chemical constituents ; conservation
白千层芳香油树是桃金娘科(Myrlaceaca)白千层属(Melaleuca)常绿灌木至小乔木树种,原产于澳大利亚的东部。利用白千层枝叶进行水蒸汽蒸馏得到的精油称白千层油。4-松油醇型的白千层油商业上称茶树油[1]。研究表明,茶树油有较强的抑菌、镇痛、驱虫及防腐作用,具治疗牙痛、风湿痛、神经痛、耳痛和消炎杀菌等功效[2],可广泛用于医药、食品、化妆品等行业,具有较高经济价值[3]。前人已经对白千层挥发油的化学成分[3]、质量、产油率[4]、提取工艺[5-6]、抗菌作用机理[7]、应用及市场前景[8]等方面进行了大量的研究,同时发现在光照较强的条件下,茶树油在贮藏过程中会发生颜色的改变,由透明白色或淡黄色转为深黄色,并发生氧化[9],但对茶树油贮存过程中主要成分的变化未见相关报导。本实验通过考察不同条件下存放的茶树油的主要化学成分,采用气相色谱法进行成分分析,探讨其变化趋势,以期为茶树油的存放提供依据。……
