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海口11~4月农业气候资源变化特征分析

2014-09-23王刚陈统强潘家利高峰王淞姜毅

热带农业科学 2014年8期
关键词:突变

王刚+陈统强+潘家利+高峰+王淞+姜毅

摘 要 利用海口市琼山气象站1962~2011年间每年11月到次年4月(以下简称11~4月)的气象资料,运用统计学方法,分析海口市11~4月农业气候资源变化趋势与突变特征,探讨海口市农业气候资源的变化规律。结果表明:(1)海口市11~4月热量资源变得更加丰富,平均气温呈显著的上升趋势,趋势率为0.33℃/10a(P<0.01),1963年发生突变;各月平均气温均呈正趋势变化;(2)11~4月总降水量存在不明显的下降趋势,趋势率为-15.6 mm/10a(P>0.1),没有明显的突变点;各月降水量变化趋势不明显,但变率大;(3)11~4月总日照时数呈显著的减少趋势,趋势率为-48.7 h/10a(P<0.01),2001年发生突变;各月日照时数呈减少趋势,容易造成农作物的光合作用不充分,不利于干物质积累,影响农作物产量;(4)温度上升明显,干燥度增大,气候暖干化,加大干旱发生的强度和频率。气候的变化导致农业气候资源的变化,对农作物产生正负效应,了解农业气候资源的变化特征将对充分利用农业气候资源,科学、合理应对气候变化,趋利避害提供帮助。

关键词 农业气候资源 ;变化趋势 ;突变 ;变化特征 ;干燥度

分类号 P162.3

Changing Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources from

November to April in Haikou City

WANG Gang1,2) CHEN Tongqiang1) PAN jiali1) GAO Feng3) WANG Song1) JIANG Yi4)

(1 Meteorological Bureau of Haikou City, Haikou, Hainan 571100;

2 Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention

and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570203;

3 Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570203;

4 Rubber Meteorological Station of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571139)

Abstract In order to probe into the variation rules of agricultural climatic resources, the variation trend and sudden change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in Haikou City from November to April are analyzed in this paper by utilizing the data of Qiongshan Meteorological Station in the same period from the year 1962 to 2011 and combining with statistical principles. It turns out that the average temperature of Haikou City from November to April shows a significant rising trend with a rate of 0.33℃/10 a (P<0.01), and a sudden change occurred in 1963; The average temperature of each month presents a positive trend, and heat sources are more enriched. The total precipitation from November to April shows an insignificant downtrend with a rate of -15.6 mm/10 a, and no significant sudden change point is found; the precipitation of each month presents an insignificant variation trend with large variability. The total sunshine hours from November to April shows a significant downtrend with a rate of -48.7 h/10 a(P<0.01), and a sudden change occurred in 2011; The sunshine hours of each month presents a downward trend, which can easily lead to insufficient photosynthesis and the crop yield would be affected due to unfavorable to dry matter accumulation. There is a significant increase in temperature and dryness together with warm and dry climate, thus accelerating the strength and frequency of drought. Climate change affects the change of agricultural climate resources and brings positive or negative effect to crops. Therefore, it is a key issue to tackle climate change in a scientific and reasonable way, take full advantage of agricultural climate resources and be benefit-tending and harm-avoiding in order to guarantee sustainable development of agriculture.endprint

Keywords agricultural climate resources ; variation trend ; mutation ; changing characteristics ; aridity index

农业气候资源是指为农业生产提供物质和能量的气候条件,即光照、温度、降水等。其数量或强度具有周期的循环性、时空变化的不稳定性等特征,已有学者在这方面开展了大量研究[1-10]。例如,许格希等在研究海南气候变化特征时指出,近50年海口平均气温增幅为0.272℃/10a,发生突变在1987年;降水年际波动剧烈,不存在明显的突变点[11]。这些研究说明在气候变暖的环境下,温度在升高,降水、光照、蒸发等因子因地域不同,变化存在差异。关于气候条件对农业生产的影响,陈统强等[12]指出,避开低温影响选定早稻最佳播种期,有利提高早稻产量;结合海口气候特点,采取合理栽培技术,控荔枝冬梢,促其花芽分化,保荔枝稳产、高产[13]。王维等[14]分析得出,灌浆期土壤水分亏缺引起的灌浆后期籽粒中蔗糖向淀粉合成代谢中一些关键酶活性快速下降和籽粒内容物的供应不足是籽粒淀粉积累总量减少、粒重降低的主要生理原因。……

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