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长茎葡萄蕨藻的人工养殖技术研究

2014-09-23姜芳燕宋文明杨宁黄海

热带农业科学 2014年8期

姜芳燕+宋文明+杨宁+黄海

摘 要 考察水温、光照强度和附着基质等因素对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillipera)生长的影响。结果表明:长茎葡萄蕨藻的合适生长温度为21~27℃,水温低于18℃或高于30℃均对其生长具有不利影响;其最适生长光照强度为8 000 lx左右,光照不足对藻体生长及形态特征产生显著影响;附着基质对长茎葡萄蕨藻的影响也较大,单面框网养殖效果总体要优于网格塑料筐。此外,在养殖过程中应注重防治杂藻污染。本研究为海南产长茎葡萄蕨藻的规模化人工养殖提供技术参考。

关键词 长茎葡萄蕨藻 ;水温 ;光照强度 ;附着基质

分类号 Q55

Artificial Culture Technology of Caulerpa lentillifera

JIANG Fangyan2) SONG wenming2) YANG ning1) HUANG Hai1)

(1 Sanya Science & Technology Academy of Breeding and Multiplication,

Sanya, Hainan 572000, China;

2 School of Biological Science and Technology, Qiongzhou University, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China)

Abstract Effects of temperature, light intensity, and attaching substratum on the growth of C. lentillipera from Hainan were studied. The results indicated that the growth of C. lentillipera was affected when the temperature below 15℃ or above 30℃. And, its optimum temperature was at about 27℃. The optimum light intensity of the growth of C. lentillipera was at around 8 000 lx. Insufficient light had a significant impact on the growth and morphology of its frond. The attaching substratum also had an obvious impact on the C. lentillipera, the cultivation results of single frame net was superior to mesh plastic basket. In addition, it should be focused on prevention of miscellaneous algae pollution during the culture process. This research provided technical reference for the scale artificial culture of C. lentillipera.

Keywords Caulerpa lentillipera ; temperature ; light intensity ; attaching substratum

长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)隶属绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、蕨藻科(Caulerpaceae)、蕨藻属(Caulerpa),是分布于中国南海、东南亚、日本冲绳、中国台湾、大洋洲等热带、亚热带海域的一种暖温性大型经济绿藻[1]。因其直立茎球状体晶莹剔透、润饱满似葡萄,又称为“海葡萄”,其食用口感如鱼子酱般丰富,常蘸酱调味生食、搭配海鲜凉拌,或制成高级料理,有“绿色鱼子酱”之称[2-3]。长茎葡萄蕨藻营养丰富,含有大量的氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质等[4],不仅具有良好的食用价值,在治疗糖尿病、高血压、风湿症、抗菌及美容保健方面也具有较好功效[5]。

目前,长茎葡萄蕨藻在日本、菲律宾、台湾等地区的养殖已经非常普遍,其中以日本的技术最为成熟。日本自1950年在琉球开始养殖,到2006年年产量已达214 t,产值达6.6亿日元。我国对海葡萄藻人工引种和养殖起步较晚,直到2006年才由福州市海洋与渔业技术中心首次从日本长崎引种[6]。……

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