丽江拉市海流域生态农业发展模式变迁
2012-04-29杨桂芳
摘要:生态农业的发展是当今世界农业发展的主流,是农业可持续发展的必然选择。通过分析丽江拉市海流域生态农业发展模式变迁,提出传统农业丰富的实践经验可为现代生态农业的发展提供借鉴。传承和创新生态农业发展模式是实现农业增效、农民增收和农业可持续发展的根本途径。
关键词:生态农业;发展模式;农业可持续发展;拉市海流域
中图分类号:F323文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)15-3406-03
The Change of Eco-Agriculture Development Mode in Lashihai Lake Basin of Lijiang
YANG Gui-fang
(Life Science Department, Lijiang Teachers College, Lijiang 674100, Yunnan, China)
Abstract: The development of eco-agriculture is the mainstream of world agricultural development and the inevitable choice for agricultural sustainable development. By analyzing the changes of eco-agriculture development model in Lashihai lake basin of Lijiang, the viewpoint that a wealth of practical experience of traditional agriculture could provide reference for the development of modern eco-agriculture was presented. It was a fundamental way to achieve agricultural efficiency, increase farmers' income and achieve agricultural sustainable development by inheriting and innovating the eco-agriculture development model.
Key words: eco-agriculture; development mode; agricultural sustainable development; Lashihai lake basin
1研究区概况
云南省丽江拉市海流域处于低纬度高原气候区,属山地暖温带,年降水量为800~1 000 mm。年平均气温11.8 ℃,全年日照时数为2 500~2 750 h,日照率达60%。在它四周有季节性湖泊文海、吉子水库、文笔水库(也叫文笔海)。拉市海与文海是横断山脉的多次构造变动形成的高原山间盆地的冰蚀湖,吉子水库和文笔水库是利用自然地形人工修筑的。拉市海高原湿地省级自然保护区于1998年6月批准建立,由玉龙纳西族自治县境内的拉市海、文海、文笔水库、吉子水库4个片区组成,总面积6 523 hm2。拉市海湿地是被国家林业局列入“中国湿地保护行动计划”的173个重要湿地之一,也是西南地区15个重要湿地之一,2002年被列入“国家林业局提高10个湿地保护区管理能力”的保护区之一,2005年初被正式列入国际重要湿地名录。
拉市乡位于丽江玉龙纳西族自治县城西面,玉龙雪山南麓,东临黄山镇,南接太安乡,西与龙蟠、太安两乡相连,北以白沙乡为界。总面积159.7 km2,林地面积87.6 km2,森林覆盖率55%。坝区海拔
2 400 m,山区最高海拔3 800 m。……
