中图分类号：X52 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-060X（2025）06-0059-07

引用格式：，等.县域农业面源污染负荷评估与治理对策：以益阳市南县为例[J.湖南农业科学，2025（6）：59-65.DOI：10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2025.006.010

Assessment and Governance Strategies of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Loads in County Areas： A Case Study of Nanxian County， Yiyang City

DENG Bo-yue1²，ZHU Jian²，LUO Jian-jun³， ZHANG Ying²，LI Chang-jun²，PENG Hua²

（1.CollegeofEnronmentandEology，HunanAgricultural University，Changsh428，PRC;2.HunanIiuteof AgriculturalldEootKotorodofgstre andRuralAfairs，HunanDongtingLakeBasinEngineeringResearchCenterforAgriculturalNon-PointourcePolutionotrol， Changsha 410125，PRC; 3.Bureau ofAgriculture and Rural Affairs inNanxian County， Yiyang 413200，PRC）

Abstract：Byusingthepolluantemissioncoeffentmetodandtheequal-standadpollutionloadmethod，temissionsandequal standard polutionloadsofhemicaloxygen demand（COD），totalnitrogen（T），totalphosphrus （TP），andammoniatrogen （NH₄⁺-N） ofagriculturalnonpointsourcepolltantsinNanxian Countyin2O23areevaluated.Moreover，theprioritygoveranceareas for agriculturalnon-pointsourcepolutioin Nanxian Countyare analyzedfromthescalesofriverbasinsandtownsandtowships，and countermeasuresandsuggestions forthe systematic governance ofagriculturalnon-point source polution in Nanxian Countyare put forward.The results show that in 2O23，the emisions ofagricultural non-point source polltants COD，TN，TPand NH₄⁺ -NinNanxian Countyare19759.30，1790.73，297.09and572.59tonsrespectively.Thetotalequal-standard polutionloadofagriculturalnonpoint source pollution in Nanxian County is 4 264.15m³ .The main pollutants， ranked from high to low in terms of the contribution degree，areTN，TP，andCOD.Thetreeagricultural idustries，rankedfromhightoowintermsoftheequal-standardpollution load，arelivestockandpoultrybedingauaculture，androptiation.AmongthemainwatersystemsinNanian Countythe TNconcentrationsattheinletandoutletoftheNanmaoCanalarehigherthanthestandardofClassVofsurfacewater，whilethe TPconcentrationsattheoutletofthemiddlebranchoftheOuchiRiverarehigherthanthatattheinlet.Townsandtownshipscanbe clasifiedintothreetypesbasedontheintensityoftheequal-standardpollutionload.Amongthem，theseverelypolutedareasae MaocaojieTownandSanxianuTown，whichneedtobegivenpriorityforgovernance.Hence，itisproposedthatNanxianCountycan carryout systematic governance of agricultural non-point source pollution in the county areas through comprehensive measures following the idea of \"source reduction-process control-nutrient reuse-end purification\".

Keywords：county areas;agricultural non-point source pollution; load assessment; systematic governance;Nanxian County

农业面源污染已成为全球地表水和地下水污染的主要来源之一[1-2]，对生态环境的可持续发展构成极大威胁[3-5]。我国农业面源污染比较严重[6-7]，根据《第二次全国污染源普查公报》可知，全国农业污染源水污染物中化学需氧量（ChemicalOxygenDemand，COD）、总氮（TotalNitrogen，TN）和总磷（TotalPhosphorus，TP）排放量分别占全国相应水污染物排放量的 49.77% 、 46.52% 和 67.22% 。农田的养分投入以及持续施肥会导致大量养分过剩和大量氮磷损失[8；畜禽粪便处理不当可能造成有害的环境影响；水产养殖中残留诱饵的分解、排泄物的产生以及化学品和抗生素的使用都会加剧水污染的风险[10-I]。此外，农村生产、生活活动分散且难以监测，农民环境意识薄弱，导致农业面源污染监测和控制难度加大[12-13]。农业面源污染负荷的量化与控制已成为当前我国关注的热点之一，是现阶段我国经济社会发展面临的重大挑战之一。

目前，农业面源污染负荷评估方法包括输出系数法[14]、排污系数法[15]、清单法[12]和等标污染负荷法[1等。其中，排污系数法具有简便性和实用性;等标污染负荷法则更为全面，不仅考虑了污染排放来源的特性，还兼顾了水体环境的水质功能需求，能够综合权衡不同污染源对水体环境的影响。等标污染负荷法因针对性强、适用于精细化管理而在实际中得到广泛的应用[17-19]。此外，虽然各省份成功治理农业面源污染的典型案例很多，但整县域治理农业面源污染的案例较少。……