食用菌病虫杂菌防治学课程教学改革初探
2022-07-13吴楠王丽艳荆瑞勇田风华
吴楠 王丽艳 荆瑞勇 田风华
摘 要:食用菌病虫杂菌防治学课程是黑龙江八一农垦大学新开设的一门实践性较强的学科,主要让学生了解食用菌栽培过程中病虫害的发生规律,掌握常见食用菌病虫害的防治技术,为学生毕业后从事生产无公害安全食用菌提供理论基础和技术保证。该文介绍了食用菌防治学课程教学改革的探索,以供参考。
关键词:食用菌;病虫害;病害防治;无公害
中图分类号 S436.46 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2022)11-0190-03
Teaching Reform of the Course of Prevention and Control of Edible Fungus Diseases and Pests
WU Nan1 WANG Liyan1 JING Ruiyong1 TIAN Fenghua2
(1College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163316, China; 2School of Plant Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
Abstract: The course of prevention and control of diseases and pests of edible fungi is a new practical subject in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University. It mainly enables students to understand the occurrence rules of diseases and pests in the cultivation process of edible fungi, master the prevention and control technology of common diseases and pests of edible fungi, and provide theoretical basis and technical guarantee for students to engage in the production of pollution-free and safe edible fungi after graduation. This paper introduces the exploration of the teaching reform of prevention and control of diseases and pests of edible fungi course for reference.
Key words: Edible fungi; Diseases and insect pests; Disease control; No pollution
随着我国食用菌产业比重的不断加大,食用菌在农业生产中承担着越来越重要的角色。为拓宽学生的就业方向,黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院生物技术专业特开设微生物和食用菌2种专业方向供学生选择,这不仅可以增加了学生就业和考研方向选择,更能通过专业优势向当地农民推广食用菌种植业和食用菌高产种植技术,提升学生服务“三农”的能力。栽培食用菌过程中会出现很多影响食用菌产量的因素,其中一个重要的因素就是病虫害的发生,這是导致食用菌减产甚至绝收的重要因素之一[1-2]。食用菌病害危害大且种类多,如细菌性病害会导致菌盖畸形并产生褐色菌斑;真菌性病害会导致早期子实体发育不良;虫害会导致菇体不完整,严重减产[3]。所以说,食用菌病虫害防治技术是保证食用菌稳定生产的重要保证[4-5]。
黑龙江八一农垦大学生物技术专业已开设食用菌栽培学、食用菌分类学、食用菌加工技术、食用药用真菌、真菌学概论、食用菌病虫杂菌防治学等食用菌类课程,旨在为黑龙江省甚至全国提供食用菌方向高质量人才。……
