性别对沃金黑牛肉食用品质的影响
2022-06-07刘笑笑张鑫王蕾骆红赵玉民吴健
刘笑笑 张鑫 王蕾 骆红 赵玉民 吴健





摘 要:为研究性别对沃金黑牛肉食用品质的影响,选择30月龄、健康、无病、发育正常的沃金黑牛公牛、母牛和阉公牛各3头,9头试验沃金黑牛的初始体重相近,同一饲养管理,饲养试验结束后屠宰,取同一西冷部位测定肉色、嫩度、加压失水率、离心失水率、滴水损失、蒸煮损失、熟肉率和pH值8个指标。结果表明,沃金黑牛的性别对嫩度、离心损失和蒸煮损失的影响差异显著(P<0.05),而其余指标在不同性别之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合得出,沃金黑牛肉食用品质阉公牛优于母牛,母牛优于公牛。
关键词:性别;沃金黑牛肉;食用品质
Effects of Gender on Meat Quality of Woking Black Cattle
LIU Xiaoxiao, ZHANG Xin, WANG Lei, LUO Hong, ZHAO Yumin, WU Jian*
(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.China, Changchun 130033, China)
Abstract: To study the effect of gender on meat quality of Woking black cttle. Three normal, healthy, 30-month-old Woking bulls, cows and steers 8 indexes including meat color, tenderness, pressing loss, centrifugation loss, drip loss, cooking loss, cooked meat percentage and pH. The results showed that the effects of gender on tenderness, centrifugation loss and cooking loss were significant (P<0.05) , but the other indexes were not significant (P>0.05 ). The results show that the beef quality of Woking black cattle is better than that of steers and that of cow is better than that of bull.
Keywords: gender; Woking black cattle; eating quality
牛肉是一种具有较高营养价值的保健型肉食品,不仅蛋白含量高、脂肪和胆固醇含量低,同时还具有较好的食用价值,黑毛牛是日本和牛的主体牛种,具有肉质鲜嫩、口味好、营养全面的特点[1-2]。
沃金黑牛采用“级进杂交+精准选择”方法,以黑毛牛为父本,延边牛为母本培育而成,肉质接近黑毛牛。不同性别的肉牛因其性激素的作用方式不同,从而导致肉牛的食用品质存在不同程度的差异[3-4]。本试验探讨了沃金黑牛公牛、母牛和阉公牛食用品质的差异,为生产雪花高档牛肉提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物和样品采集
试验动物沃金黑牛来自吉林省长春皓月清真肉业股份公司。选择健康、无病和发育正常,进行随机分组试验,公牛3头、母牛3头和阉公牛3头,共计9头沃金黑牛,同一饲养管理,待育肥至30月龄,进行屠宰。……
