牟善婷

摘 要：自来水是使江河湖中的水经过物理化学变化等方法净化处理再消毒而得的、符合国家饮用标准的水。目前已监测出氯化消毒副产物300多种，动物实验证实，多种氯化消毒副产物具有致突变性、致癌性、致畸性神经毒性作用。三氧甲烷是消毒副产物中最常见的一种，本文以三氯甲烷为例，从产生根源、检测方法条件优化、采样及检测中注意事项及检测的重要性多方面分析，希望能够为相关人士提供参考。

关键词：水质;三氯甲烷;消毒副产物;重视

Attach Great Importance to the Hazards of Drinking Water Disinfection By-products

——Taking Chloroform as an Example

MOU Shanting

（Tonghua Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Jilin Province， Tonghua 134000， China）

Abstract： Tap water is the water obtained by purifying and disinfecting the water in rivers and lakes through physical and chemical changes and other methods， which meets the national drinking standards. At present， more than 300 kinds of chlorination disinfection by-products have been monitored， which have been confirmed by animal experiments， among which many of them have proved to have mutagenicity， carcinogenicity teratogenicity or neurotoxicity in animal experiments. Trioxymethane is one of the most common disinfection by-products（DBPs）. Taking chloroform as an example， the causes of production.optimization of detection conditions. attentions in detection and importance of detection were analyzed. Hope to provide reference for the relevant people.

Keywords： water quality; chloroform; disinfection by-products; importance

消毒副产物中的三氯甲烷是三卤甲烷的一种有机物，研究表明，饮水中三卤甲烷的形成是消毒剂中的氯和水源中存在的前体（腐殖质等）之间的相互反应。若水源中含前体浓度低或经处理将前体去除后再消毒，三卤甲烷的含量就会大大减低，也会减低消毒副产物含量。消毒副产物有明显的致癌性，对肝脏、皮肤均有损伤，需要引起高度重视。下面以三氯甲烷为例详细阐述消毒副产物来源、现状、监测方法、采样方法及重视的必要性。

1 饮用水中三氯甲烷的来源

三氯甲烷是广泛分布于自然界的有机高分子化合物，其自然大量的存在于河湖海沉积物、土壤、风化煤、褐煤及泥炭中，是构成土壤和水体中有机质的主要成分，也是动植物遗骸（主要是植物的遺骸）。经过微生物的分解和转化产物，被称为腐植酸[3]。腐植酸主要来源于动植物遗骸，在自然界经过微生物较长时间的分解而产生的，因此也被称为自然有机物。……