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食品中矿物油的监测情况、污染来源和风险管理的建议

2022-06-07栾稳稳

食品安全导刊 2022年4期
关键词:污染检测

栾稳稳

摘 要:矿物油在食品及食品相关产品中用途很广泛,可以在食品企业中作为生产加工助剂、涂料的溶剂和油墨使用,同时也可以作为食品接触材料生产助剂、食品级白矿油以及机械工业用润滑剂等。目前科学界对矿物油对人体的毒性还没有统一的界定,但近些年爆发的“芳香烃门”事件引起了人们对相关产品安全性的广泛关注。因此,本文针对国内和国外食品中矿物油风险事件、污染来源、矿物油的毒理、检测方法和法规管理的情况进行了综述,对矿物油的风险管控提出几点相关建议,以供参考。

关键词:食品;饱和烃类矿物油;芳香烃类矿物油;检测;污染;毒理

Monitoring of Mineral Oils in Food, Sources of Contamination and Recommendations for Risk Management

LUAN Wenwen

(SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd., Dalian Branch, Dalian 116000, China)

Abstract: Mineral oil is widely used in food and food-related products. They used as food production and processing aids, solvents for inks and coatings, production aids for food contact materials, food-grade white mineral oil and lubricants for machinery industry. At present, the scientific community does not have a unified definition of the toxicity of mineral oil to human body, but the “aromatic hydrocarbons” incident that broke out in recent years  has caused widespread concern about the safety of related products. Therefore, this paper summarizes the risk events, pollution sources, mineral oil toxicology, detection methods, and regulatory management in domestic and foreign food products, and puts forward some relevant suggestions for the risk management and control of mineral oil for reference.

Keywords: food; saturated hydrocarbon mineral oil; aromatic hydrocarbon mineral oil; detection; pollution; toxicology

矿物油是原油经过物理分离和化学转化形成的烃类混合物,其成分构成非常复杂,主要包含饱和烃矿物油(Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons,MOSH)和芳香烃矿物油(Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons,MOAH)。饱和烃矿物油(MOSH)主要由直链烷烃、支链烷烃和烷基取代环烷烃组成,而芳香烃矿物油(MOAH)主要由烷基取代多芳香烃组成。煤油、柴油、石蜡、润滑油和汽油等均属于烃类矿物油。一般情况下,食品级矿物油产品不含MOAH,而工业用矿物油通常包含15%~35%的MOAH(大多含1~4个芳香环)和含量更高的MOSH[1]。

1 矿物油的毒性分析

由于碳数低的矿物油(C50)不易被人体消化吸收,所以也不会对人体的健康造成影响。因此,目前国际上主要关注碳数在C16~C40区间矿物油的安全风险[2]。在欧盟食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority,EFSA)发布关于“食品中烃类矿物油的科学意见”中指出碳数在C35以上的烷烃的吸收是可以忽略的。……

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