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常书鸿与1948年的敦煌艺术展览会

2022-03-28赵大旺

敦煌研究 2022年1期

内容摘要:1948年在南京、上海两地举办的敦煌艺术展览是敦煌学史上的重要事件。中国第二历史档案馆藏关于此次艺术展览的相关档案揭示了艺术展览幕后的筹备过程。从最初未被批准到后来获准展览,展示了常书鸿为宣传敦煌文化所付出的艰苦努力。结合当时的媒体报道,介绍此次敦煌艺术展览的空前盛况,以及展览所引起的巨大反响。

关键词:敦煌艺术展览;敦煌艺术研究所;常书鸿;朱家骅

中图分类号:K870.6  文献标识码:A  文章编号:1000-4106(2022)01-0150-09

Chang Shuhong and the Dunhuang Art Exhibition of 1948

ZHAO Dawang

(Department of History, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097)

Abstract:The Dunhuang Art Exhibition held in Nanjing and Shanghai in 1948 was an important event in the history of Dunhuang Studies. Study of the historical records from the Second Historical Archives of China regarding this exhibition reveals that the behind-the-scenes process of preparation that finally produced the event was extremely complex. At first,the exhibition was not approved by the local government, but its ultimate approval indicatesthat scholar Chang Shuhong went to considerable lengths to promote Dunhuang culture. By combining historical records with contemporary media reports, this paperprovides a historical overview of the struggle that brought about this unprecedentedly grand exhibition, and evaluates the general acclaim it achieved among the public.

Keywords:Dunhuang Art Exhibition; Dunhuang Art Research Institute; Chang Shuhong; Zhu Jiahua.

1948年的敦煌藝术展览是敦煌艺术研究所工作成绩的第一次集体展示,也是首次大规模较系统地向国人介绍敦煌艺术,在敦煌学史中应占有较重要的意义。目前关于此次展览的举办经过,除当事人的相关回忆外,还缺乏深入、专门的研究,相关资料的披露也较少{1}。因此,学界对此次展览的举办经过不甚清楚。中国第二历史档案馆中有几件档案揭示了常书鸿为举办敦煌艺术展览开展的一系列活动,当时的媒体报道也透露了此次艺术展览的许多细节,笔者根据这些材料梳理1948年敦煌艺术展览举办的幕后经过,展现常书鸿先生为弘扬敦煌艺术所作出的努力。

一 常书鸿争取举办艺术展览的活动

常书鸿在《九十春秋——敦煌五十年》中回忆说:“为了宣传敦煌、介绍敦煌、保护敦煌,1948年初,在完成了十几个专题的编选和临摹工作后,我们选了壁画摹本800多幅准备展览。我打报告给教育部,希望这些作品能在各大城市巡回展出,然后再出国展览。……

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