李孝岚　唐小红

[關键词] 心理干预;健康教育;脑梗死;自护能力

[中图分类号] R473.74          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）27-0164-04

Evaluation of nursing effect of psychological intervention and health education in patients with cerebral infarction

LI Xiaolan   TANG Xiaohong

The Second Affiliated Hospital， Department of Neurology， Hengyang Medical School， University of South China，Hengyang， Hunan   421001， China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the nursing effect of psychological intervention and health education in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 106 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to and treated in the department of neurology of our hospital from September 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into the control group （n=53） and the observation group （n=53） according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with conventional nursing， while the observation group was treated with psychological intervention and health education. After 3 weeks of nursing， the anxiety， depression， coping ability and self-nursing ability of the two groups before and after nursing were compared. Results Before nursing， there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD） between the two groups（with P>0.05）. After nursing， the scores of the two groups were both lower than those before nursing， and the scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. In the coping ability scores of the observation group， the scores of yield and avoidance items in the observation group were （7.49±1.41） points and （9.13±1.27） points respectively， which were significantly lower than （12.61±2.52） points and （15.71±1.33） points in the control group. The score of facing items was （21.68±3.15） points in the observation group， which was higher than （17.49±2.26） points in the control group（P<0.05）. The scores of self-concept， health knowledge， self-responsibility and self-nursing skills in patients of the observation group were （23.75±2.55） points， （47.81±3.17） points， （19.64±1.39） points and （33.58±3.38） points， respectively， which were all significantly higher than （15.13±2.36） points， （15.13±2.36） points， （13.53±2.58） points and （26.78±4.53） points in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The implementation of psychological intervention and health education for patients with cerebral infarction can effectively improve the patients′ psychological mood， increase their ability to cope with diseases and self-nursing ability， which is conducive to their physical rehabilitation.

[Key words] Psychological intervention; Health education; Cerebral infarction; Self-nursing ability

脑梗死又名缺血性卒中，发病机制为机体局部脑组织在血液供应方面出现障碍，引起脑组织缺血缺氧性病变坏死。发病因素与患者年龄增长，身体机能衰退，血管内垃圾堆积有关，同时也与生活习惯不规律，缺乏锻炼有紧密联系，发病时间通常为晚上睡觉时，且无明显事前征兆，因此易造成偏瘫。患者的脑梗死发病部位若累及到双侧大脑皮质或皮质脑干束时，则有可能出现吞咽困难以及饮水呛咳等症状，不利于患者预后，且会使其生活质量严重下降[1-2]。脑梗死具有起病急、进展快、病程长、致残率高等特点，因此脑梗死患者极易出现担忧、不安、焦虑等不良心理情绪，可在治疗时针对患者的情况辅以心理干预和健康教育[3]。本次研究通过对脑梗死患者采用心理干预和健康教育，评价该护理方法的效果，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 临床资料

选取我院神经内科2019年9月至2020年9月收治的106例脑梗死患者作为本次研究对象，按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组，每组各53例。对照组男28例，女25例，年龄53～79岁，平均（66.34±2.49）岁;病程13～44 d，平均（28.67±1.17）d。观察组男29例，女24例，年龄52～81岁，平均（66.85±2.51）岁;病程12～46 d，平均（28.98±1.64）d。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。纳入标准：①患者均经影像学检查确诊为脑梗死，符合《脑血管疾病分类诊断要点和临床疗效评定标准》[3]中的相关诊断标准;②患者均自愿签署知情同意书，且本次研究经过我院医学伦理会批准同意。……