毛芳　罗红云　何兰香　李双春　季欢欢

[關键词] 2型糖尿病;个性化综合饮食护理;血糖;饮食知识;满意度;并发症

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）27-0185-04

Clinical effect of personalized comprehensive diet nursing intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes

MAO Fang   LUO Hongyun   HE Lanxiang   LI Shuangchun   JI Huanhuan

Department of Endocrinology， the No.1 People′s Hospital of Jiujiang City in Jiangxi Province， Jiujiang   332000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical effect of personalized comprehensive diet nursing intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The 90 cases patients with type 2 diabetes who were selected in the Department of Endocrinology in the First People′s Hospital of Jiujiang City from June 2018 to December 2020. They were grouped by random number table， with 45 cases in each group. The control group intervened with health education， medication guidance， blood sugar， blood pressure monitoring， and exercise guidance. The observation group intervened with a personalized comprehensive diet nursing program based on the control group. The blood glucose control effect， cognition of dietary knowledge， nursing satisfaction， and diabetes complications incidence of the two groups were comparatively analyzed. Results The FBG， 2 hPG， and HbA1c of the two groups after the intervention were reduced to different degrees compared with those before the intervention， and the indexes of the observation group were lower than those of the control group （P<0.05）. After the intervention， the patients′cognitive scores of dietary knowledge in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before the intervention， and the observation group′s score was higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The observation group′s nursing satisfaction score was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The total incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Personalized comprehensive diet nursing intervention on the basis of routine care for patients with type 2 diabetes can improve patients' awareness of health knowledge， enhance their self-management ability and effect of diet control， achieve better blood sugar control and prevent complications Outcome of nursing intervention.

[Key words] Type 2 diabetes; Personalized comprehensive diet care; Blood sugar; Dietary knowledge; Satisfaction; Complications

2型糖尿病在临床上属于成人多发的糖尿病类型，是一种非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病。对于患者来说，其本身机体能够分泌胰岛素，但细胞难以对其有效吸收并发挥作用，因而影响了机体对血糖的调节能力。由于出现胰岛素抵抗，导致相对性的胰岛素分泌不足，因而产生了血糖过高情况。2型糖尿病的发病与患者机体代谢能力密切相关，而代谢能力又受到其饮食、生活习惯等的影响，导致血糖水平不断升高[1]。在临床治疗中，多采取有效的控糖药物改善疾病的作用机制。而从疾病的控制效果来看，单纯的药物控制仍然难以抑制疾病进展。通过多年研究证实，利用糖尿病的发病机制抑制糖尿病的发展，是改善疾病的关键。而对患者饮食的控制，是减少糖分摄入，避免血糖指标过高的关键。本次研究针对饮食对糖尿病患者的深刻影响，对其采取个性化综合饮食护理干预，取得显著的效果，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

筛选的90例病例，均为2018年6月至2020年12月就诊的2型糖尿病患者。以随机数字表法分组，各45例，观察组男25例，女20例，年龄42～75岁，平均（58.20±3.70）岁;病程2～8年，平均（4.80±1.20）年;对照组男28例，女17例，年龄45～72岁，平均（58.80±4.10）岁;病程1～9年，平均（5.10±1.50）年;纳入标准：患者均符合《2型糖尿病诊疗指南》关于2型糖尿病的诊断标准[2]，且经三次血糖检测，证实空腹血糖（Fasting blood glucose， FBG）高于7.0 mm Hg，餐后2 h血糖（2 h postprandial blood glucose，2 hPG）高于11.0 mmHg。……