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外源钙和EBR处理对番茄果实品质特性的影响

2021-11-14姚棋韩天云梁祎石玉侯雷平张毅

中国瓜菜 2021年10期
关键词:影响

姚棋 韩天云 梁祎 石玉 侯雷平 张毅

摘    要:为研究不同浓度钙和EBR复合处理对番茄果实品质的影响,以鑫研夏宝品种为试材,采用土培法,设置外源钙(CaCl2)和2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)复合喷施处理,测定番茄的各项品质指标。结果表明,外源Ca、EBR单独或混合喷施均可促进番茄生长,改善其营养品质。与对照相比,外源喷施EBR和钙均可不同程度增加果实生物量和番茄红素、游离氨基酸、钙元素含量及糖酸比;其中,20 mmol·L-1 Ca+0.1 μmol·L-1 EBR处理下番茄可溶性蛋白、番茄红素含量和糖酸比分别比对照显著提高91.31%、100.16%和196.91%,钙元素含量达141.75 mg·kg-1,较对照显著提高143.98%。综上所述,外源喷施Ca和EBR可不同程度地促进番茄果实生长,促进果实对钙素的吸收利用,改善果实品质,且以20 mmol·L-1 Ca和0.1 μmol·L-1 EBR复合喷施处理的效果为佳。

关键词:番茄;钙;2,4-表油菜素内酯;品质特性

中图分类号:S635.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)10-074-06

Effects of exogenous calcium and EBR on fruit quality characteristics of tomato

YAO Qi, HAN Tianyun, LIANG Yi, SHI Yu, HOU Leiping, ZHANG Yi

(College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China)

Abstract: To study the effects of exogenous spraying of different concentrations of calcium fertilizers and EBR on tomato fruit quality, tomato cultivar Xinyan Xiabao was used as the experimental material, the soil culture method was used, the combined spraying treatment of exogenous calcium(CaCl2)and 2,4-epibrassinolide(EBR)was set up to determine various quality indicators of tomato. The results showed that exogenous Ca and EBR spraying alone or in combination could promote the growth of tomato fruit and improve the nutritional quality. Compared with control, exogenous EBR and calcium fertilizer increased fruit biocontent, lycopene, free amino acids, calcium content and sugar acid ratio to different degrees. Among them, 20 mmol·L-1 Ca+0.1 μmol·L-1 EBR treatment increased soluble protein, lycopene, and sugar-acid ratios by 91.31%, 100.16% and 196.91% compared with the control, and the calcium content reached 141.75 mg·kg-1, which showed a significant increase of 143.98% compared with the control. In conclusion, exogenous application of Ca and EBR could promote the growth of tomato fruit to different degrees, which effectively promoted the absorption and utilization of calcitonin and  fruit quality, and 20 mmol·L-1 Ca+0.1 μmol·L-1 EBR treatment was found the best effect.

Key words: Tomato; Calcium; 2,4-epibrassinolides; Quality characteristics

油菜素甾醇類物质(Brassinosteroids,BRs)被誉为“第六类植物激素”,在植物体内广泛分布,其含量的微小变化会对植物生长发育产生重要影响,如种子萌发、叶的外生、茎和根的生长、维管的分化、花的启动以及果实的发育等[1-4];BRs也可以增强植物对各种生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性,有研究表明外源喷施BRs后,作物的产量与品质均显著提高[5]。而BRs最活跃的形式之一是2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)。许多研究表明,EBR在提高草莓[6]、番茄[7]等品质方面起到了重要作用。李蒙等[7]研究发现叶面喷施低浓度的EBR可以提高樱桃番茄叶绿素含量,增强光合作用,促进光合产物向果实运输,从而提高番茄的产量和品质。……

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