陈琴　张力　宋焕忠　郭元元　李洋　车江旅

摘 要：为研究不同施肥水平对香葱生长、品质及土壤肥力的影响，以小米葱为材料，设置不同养分水平，结合施用硒肥和硅肥，探究不同施肥处理对小米葱生长、产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，处理6香葱产量为54.17 t?hm-2，比习惯施肥处理（CK）增产24.25%;纯收入为17.22万元?hm-2，比CK增收30.95%。处理6株高、叶片长度和单株质量均显著高于CK;在整体养分减少的情况下，处理6综合品质与对照差异最小;有机肥施用能显著提高土壤碱解氮、有机磷、速效钾和有机质含量，硒肥和硅肥对香葱产量、品质和土壤肥力有不同程度改善，其中硒肥效果更优。整体养分减少55%，施用有机肥和硒肥可提高小米葱的产量和品质，增加纯收入，对土壤肥力也有良好的改善作用。

关键词：香葱;施肥处理;产量和品质;效益;土壤肥力

中图分类号：S635.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）10-092-06

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth， quality and soil fertility of chive

CHEN Qin1， ZHANG Li2， SONG Huanzhong1， GUO Yuanyuan2， LI Yang1， CHE Jianglü3

（1. Vegetable Research Institute， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning 530007， Guangxi， China; 2. Guangxi Vegetable Breeding and New Technology Research Laboratory， Nanning 530007， Guangxi， China; 3. Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning 530007， Guangxi， China）

Abstract： To explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield， quality and soil fertility of xiaomi chive， different nutrient application levels combined with selenium and silicon fertilizer were set in this research. The results showed that the yield of treatment 6 was 54.17 t?hm-2， which was 24.25% higher than that of CK， and the net income was 172 200 yuan?hm-2， which was 30.95% higher than CK. The plant height， leaf length and plant weight of treatment 6 were significantly higher than those of CK. In terms of the quality of each treatment， under the condition of the nutrient reduction， the quality of treatment 6 was the closest to that of CK. The application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of soil available nitrogen， organic phosphorus， available potassium and organic matter. Under the same conditions， selenium fertilizer and silicon fertilizer were discovered different degrees of improvement on the yield， quality and soil fertility of chive， in which selenium fertilizer was better than other treatments. Under the total nutrient decreased by 55% situation， the organic fertilizer combined with selenium fertilizer could improve the yield and quality of chive， increase the net income and improve the soil fertility.

Key words： Chive; Fertilization treatments; Yield and quality; Benefit; Soil fertility

香葱（Allium schoenoprasum）为百合科葱属二、三年生草本植物，以嫩叶和假茎供食，味辛香、性温，具有预防感冒、通便、解热、助消化、杀菌等功效，是重要的香辛保健蔬菜[1]。香葱在广西种植历史悠久，年播种面积约2.07万hm²，是“南菜北运”和“西菜东调”的主要特色蔬菜品种之一。经调研发现，柳江、田东、南宁等地有不少农户为追求产量和经济效益盲目增加化肥用量，导致总养分过量，不仅造成资源浪费，还严重破坏土壤结构，危及生态环境安全。化肥在保障作物产量和品质等方面意义重大，据联合国粮农组织（FAO）统计，化肥对农作物增产的贡献为40%～60%，国际公认施肥上限为225 kg?hm-2，而我国平均施肥强度为443.5 kg?hm-2，严重超过国际公认上限97.10%[2]。……