叶嘉　张浩　郭海燕　宁辉

摘    要：以大蒜为材料，测定不同处理下蒜氨酸和大蒜素含量并检测大蒜精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑制效果，为开发大蒜天然抑菌药物和高效防腐保鲜剂提供参考。结果表明，施用蚓粪和化肥的大蒜蒜氨酸含量（w，后同）分別为44.05 mg·g-1 和33.86 mg·g-1，大蒜素含量分别为0.33 mg·g-1和0.13 mg·g-1，施用蚓粪的大蒜蒜氨酸和大蒜素含量均显著高于施用化肥处理;施用蚓粪的大蒜精油得率显著高于化肥处理;在1.25～40.0 mg·mL-1质量浓度内，2种施肥处理大蒜提取得到的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的最小抑菌质量浓度均为2.5 mg·mL-1，并表现出一定的量效关系;同一浓度处理下，蚓粪处理的大蒜精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用优于化肥处理。

关键词：大蒜;高压液相色谱法;蒜氨酸;大蒜素;大蒜精油;抑菌

中图分类号：S633.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）10-098-06

Effects of vermicompost on alliin and allicin contents and antibacterial activity of garlic oil in garlic

YE Jia1， 2， ZHANG Hao1， 2， GUO Haiyan1， 2， NING Hui1

（1. School of Life Science and Engineering， Handan College， Handan 056005， Hebei， China; 2. Wild Plant Resources Research Centre in Taihang Mountain of Southern Hebei， Handan 056005， Hebei， China）

Abstract： In order to provided reference data for the development of natural antibacterial drugs and high-efficiency preservatives， the contents of alliin， allicin and the inhibitory effect of garlic oil on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were detected. The results showed that the contents of alliin were 44.05 mg·g-1 and 33.86 mg·g-1， after treated by vermicompost and chemical fertilizer respectively， and allicin were 0.33 mg·g-1 and 0.13 mg·g-1， respectively. The contents of alliin and allicin treated with vermicompost were significantly higher than those of fertilizer treatment. The yield of garlic essential oil in vermicompost substrate was significantly higher than that in fertilizer substrate. The minimum inhibitory concentration of garlic oil contained in vermicompost and chemical fertilizer substrate to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium was 2.5 mg·mL-1 in the range of 1.25-40.0 mg·mL-1， and it was showed a certain dose effect relationship. With the increase of garlic essential oil concentration， the diameter of bacteriostatic circle of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium increased gradually. At the same concentration， the inhibition of garlic essential oil in vermicompost matrix on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium was better than that in fertilizer matrix.

Key words： Garlic; HPLC; Allicin; Alliin; Garlic essential oils; Bacterial inhibition

随着我国现代农业协同发展的不断加快，如何促进农业可持续化发展成为当前农业种植的关键问题。而肥料施用则成为农业可持续发展过程中的重要组成部分。蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓通过自身降解有机物的产物。蚓粪可以有效改善土壤的结构，降低土壤的pH值，减小土壤碱化度，从而改善土壤生态环境[1]。大量研究表明，施加蚓粪可以明显促进作物生长，提高果实品质[2-4]。

大蒜为百合科葱属植物蒜的鳞茎，具有广谱的抗、抑菌及消炎作用[5]。蒜氨酸和大蒜素是大蒜中重要的生物活性物质。研究表明蒜氨酸具有清除自由基、降血糖、抑菌、保肝等生物活性[6]，还能抑制食品中的霉菌，延长食品的防腐保鲜期[7]。……