吴旭东　王蓓　黄忠阳　李伟明　江丰　谢洪芳　刘庆叶　陈莉莉　胡卫丛　王东升

摘    要：為探究在设施栽培条件下，释放异色瓢虫（Harmonia axyridis）防治甜瓜蚜虫（Aphis gossypii Glover）的综合效果，按不同益害比释放异色瓢虫，评价其在设施条件下对甜瓜蚜虫的防控效果以及天敌和害虫的消长动态。结果表明：异色瓢虫对于甜瓜蚜虫具有良好的防控效果，特别是长期防控效果优于化学农药，益害比1∶5与益害比1∶10的投放密度对蚜虫的防控效果好，两者比较差异未达显著水平，在释放后28 d时防效仍在70%以上。但考虑到生产成本，益害比1∶10为甜瓜上异色瓢虫释放的最佳密度;前期异色瓢虫定殖量随着蚜虫数量增加而升高，14 d时天敌投放处理的瓢虫定殖量达到峰值，故应结合病虫害测报，在蚜虫发生高峰期前尽早释放。

关键词：甜瓜;化学农药;异色瓢虫（Harmonia axyridis）;甜瓜蚜虫（Aphis gossypii Glover）;益害比

中图分类号：S652+S476.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）10-104-06

Study on the control effect of releasing harlequin ladybirds on muskmelon aphids

WU Xudong1， WANG Bei1， HUANG Zhongyang1， LI Weiming1， JIANG Feng2， XIE Hongfang2， LIU Qingye1， CHEN Lili1， HU Weicong1， WANG Dongsheng1

（1. Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science， Nanjing 210042， Jiangsu， China; 2. Nanjing Plant Protective Station， Nanjing 210040， Jiangsu， China）

Abstract： In order to explore the release density and comprehensive control effect of releasing Harlequin ladybirds（Harmonia axyridis） to control aphids（Aphis gossypii Glover） on muskmelon under the condition of facility cultivation， different benefit and harm ratios of Harlequin ladybirds were set， the control effect on aphids of muskmelon under the condition of facility and the dynamics of natural enemies and pests were evaluated. The results showed that although chemical pesticides could reduce aphids population density rapidly in the early stage， the long-term control effect of Harlequin ladybirds was better than that of chemical pesticides. The distribution density of beneficial to harm ratio 1∶5 and beneficial to harm ratio 1∶10 were found a good control effect on the aphids， but the difference between them was not significant， and the control effect was still more than 70% after releasing for 28 days. However， considering the production cost， 1∶10 was the optimal density of Harlequin ladybirds releasing on muskmelon. The population dynamics of aphids and Harlequin ladybirds under 1∶5 and 1∶10 beneficial and harmful ratios were basically the same， and the early colonization of Harlequin ladybirds increased with the increase of the number of aphids. The colonization of ladybugs treated by natural enemies reached its peak at 14 d， so the production should be combined with pest and disease detection to release aphids as early as possible before the peak of occurrence of aphids.

Key words： Melon; Chemical pesticides; Harlequin ladybirds（Harmonia axyridis）; Aphids（Aphis gossypii Glover）; Benefit harm ratio

甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）为一年生蔓性草本植物，是一种重要的经济作物，全世界每年的产量超过3.2亿t，且以其独特的风味品质吸引消费者的青睐[1]。设施甜瓜在我国经济效益高，已经成为农民脱贫致富的重要产业[2]。甜瓜蚜虫（Aphis gossypii Glover）是甜瓜上的主要虫害之一，加之多为设施种植，复种指数高，利于蚜虫繁殖，导致其危害日趋严重[3-5]，在甜瓜的整个生育期都易出现，主要侵害叶蔓[6]。蚜虫吸食作物汁液，使其失绿、皱缩、扭曲;排出的蜜露，诱发霉菌滋生，降低光合作用效率;还是多种作物病毒病的传播者，若防治不当会对作物造成灾难性的损害[7]。……