低碳背景下基于系统动力学的冷链农产品产业分析
2021-09-18杨磊付小康
杨磊 付小康



摘 要:为分析农产品销售尤其是线上销售的过程中冷链的使用对农产品质量的保证与碳排量和碳成本之间的关系,文章运用了系统动力学理论,建立了農产品生产销售过程中冷链投资与碳排量的成本对行业利润影响的仿真模型。结果表明:冷链的大量引入虽然会增加基础投资,但是该行业的总利润还是呈积极上升之势,但农产品行业在配送和存储上的碳排量增加较大。最后在仿真结果的基础上提出了适用于企业相关的发展联动策略。
关键词:系统动力学;农产品;冷链物流;低碳;仿真分析
中图分类号:F304.3 文献标识码:A
Abstract: In order to analyze the relationship between the quality assurance of agricultural products and carbon emission and carbon cost in the process of agricultural products sales, especially in the online sales process, the paper uses the system dynamics theory to establish a simulation model of the impact of cold chain investment and carbon emission on the industry profits. The results show that although the introduction of cold chain will increase the basic investment, the total profit of the industry is still rising, but the carbon emission of agricultural products industry in distribution and storage is increased greatly. Finally, based on the simulation results, the development linkage strategy suitable for enterprises is proposed.
Key words: system dynamics; agricultural products; cold chain logistics; low carbon; simulation analysis
0 引 言
近年来,随着GDP的增长,人们对蔬菜、水果等生鲜农产品的品质要求越来越高,为减少生鲜农产品在运输过程中的新鲜度损耗,冷链物流应运而生,并逐步成为物流行业备受关注的焦点。目前国外发达国家冷链物流使用的比例已经超过90%,某些产品比如肉禽的冷链流通率更是达到了100%,但是在我国果蔬、肉类、水产品的冷链流通率占比仅为22%、34%、41%。并且国外的农产品损耗率只有5%到8%,而中国的损耗率却高达30%,使得对冷链的关注越来越大。同时随着全球变暖的现象逐渐加剧,全世界对环保的重视力度增强,加强了对二氧化碳等排放的监控,许多国家也早已将碳税运用到制造商所产生污染的运作中,我国也已在钢铁等行业征收碳税,并且也逐渐将碳税应用到其他行业中。而对于线上农产品的销售来说,为了保证其新鲜度,冷藏配送的使用、冷库的使用无疑会带来较多的碳排量,不仅对环保不利,同时碳成本的增加对该行业也增加了相应的负担。……
