赖庆标

摘 要：【目的/意义】乡村性评价是衡量乡村发展水平、识别乡村内部差异、划分乡村发展类型的重要手段，乡村发展类型的划分对于指导乡村建设方向、转型、经济社会重构等具有重要作用。将目前学术界关于乡村性和乡村发展类型的研究成果进行归纳整理、分析总结，以呈现出清晰的乡村发展类型和乡村性评价的研究框架，为探讨新的研究方向提供参考。【方法/过程】通过梳理、述评我国乡村发展类型及乡村性评价的相关研究，针对研究尺度、研究方法与指标体系、分类结果、应用层面等多个角度进行分析，讨论目前研究中乡村发展类型划分存在的问题。【结果/结论】乡村发展类型的概念内涵、划分方法、应用研究是我国农业地理和乡村发展研究的重要内容，目前乡村性评价和乡村发展类型划分的研究具有区域性、综合性、实用性的特点，但也存在研究尺度过大、指标体系缺乏统一性、研究方法单一、分析维度不够充分的不足，未来的研究中，要通过建立科学完善的评价指标体系、选取多元化的研究方法、加强时空尺度分析、拓展成果应用范围等措施来深化相关研究内容。

关键词：乡村性;乡村发展类型;综述

Abstract： 【Objective/Meaning】The rurality evaluation is an important means to measure the level of rural development， identify the internal differences of countries and classify the types of rural development. The classification of rural development types plays an important role in guiding the direction of rural construction， transformation， economic and social reconstruction， etc. The current academic research results on rurality and rural development types were analyzed and summarized in this paper， so as to present a clear research framework for the types of rural development and the evaluation of rurality and also provide references for discussing the new research directions. 【Methods/Procedures】By combing and reviewing the relevant researches on the types of rural development and the evaluation of rurality in China， the problems existing in the classification of rural development types in the current research were analyzed from the perspectives of research scale， research methods and indicator system， classification results， and application level. 【Results/Conclusions】The concept connotation， classification method and application research of rural development types were the important contents of agricultural geography and rural development research in China. At present， the research on the evaluation of rurality and the classification of rural development types had the regional， comprehensive and practical characteristics， but there were also some shortcomings such as too large research scale， lack of uniformity of indicator system， single research method and insufficient analysis dimension， etc. In the future research， it was necessary to deepen the relevant research contents by establishing a scientific and perfect evaluation indicator system， selecting diversified research methods， strengthening the analysis of spatial and temporal scale， and expanding the application range of the results， etc.

Key words： rurality; rural development types; review

2000年以來，中央一号文件提出加快农业农村发展建设的若干意见、多项举措，从加强基础设施建设、加大统筹城乡发展力度、加快推进农业科技创新、加快发展现代农业、推进农业现代化、加快培育发展农业农村新动能到实施乡村振兴战略、坚持农业农村优先发展，都体现出党中央对“三农”发展的重视程度，农村作为“三农”工作的载体，对实现农业现代化发展、农民稳步增收发挥着至关重要的作用。……