提 要 新闻标题“王思聪假装在奋斗”能否推出“王思聪在奋斗”？12位接受调查的研究者对这个句子的语义解释及动词“假装”的叙实性有3种不同的意见：（1）“王思聪在奋斗”为真，即“假装”为叙实动词;（2）“王思聪在奋斗”为假，即“假装”为反叙实动词;（3）“王思聪在奋斗”真假不定，即“假装”兼属叙实动词与反叙实动词。文章引入巴赫金的“多声性”概念，并用话语评价理论介入子系统中的“借言”及其类型作为理论框架，分析了上述标题的新闻文本的正文;特别是离析出“指导性声音”及其所引用的“支持性声音”和“反对性声音”，说明话语中相关的多种声音之间的对话和辩论。接着，从语言的“多声性”及其辩论性（对话性）、未完成性（开放性）的角度，剖析上述标题句子包含的多种声音及其辩论关系和对话的未完成性，以此说明“假装”句语义解读的歧异性和开放性的根源在于，“假装”句恰好处于不同声音和不同意识相互交往的连接点上，所以并不一定揭露真相或昭示真理（或判定真假），由此進一步讨论“假装”的概念结及其语用上的多域性。

关键词 叙实/反叙实动词;多声性;借言;引用;对话

中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014（2021）05-0077-14

DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210506

A Study on Ambiguous Interpretations of the Pretend-Sentence in Chinese：

From the Perspective of Linguistic “Polyphony”

Yuan Yulin

Abstract This paper begins with the question as to whether the Chinese news headline “Wang Sicong pretends struggling” （Wáng Sīcōng jiǎzhuāng zài fèndòu） can deduce that “Wang Sicong is struggling” （Wáng Sīcōng zài fèndòu）. To deal with this， an e-mail questionnaire is designed and interpretations of 12 researcher informants are collected and analyzed. The paper then classifies the findings obtained from the survey into three types： （1） B is true， that is， “pretend” （jiǎzhuāng） is a factive verb; （2） B is false， that is， “pretend” （jiǎzhuāng） is a counter-factive verb; （3） B may be either true or false， that is， “pretend” （jiǎzhuāng） is non-factive. To feather examine the findings， Bakhtins concept of “polyphony” is adopted and the four types of heteroglossia in the engagement system proposed in the appraisal theory are used as a framework for analysing the “dominant voice” that is conveyed in the headline， in addition to this， supportive and opposing voices that are quoted in the text of this news report are also derived， which demonstrates how multiple voices can co-exist in relevant dialogues and arguments. Furthermore， these multiple voices are explained from the perspective of linguistic “polyphony” along with their argumentative relations （argumentativity） and dialogic imperfectiveness （openness）. This further reveals the cognitive and conceptual structure that underlies ambiguous and open interpretations of the pretend-sentence in the modern Chinese language.

Keywords factive/counter-factive verb; polyphony; heterogloss; quotation; dialogue

一、讨论的缘起与问题的提出

李新良、袁毓林（2016）讨论过汉语反叙实动词的句法语义特点，特别是“假装”类动词跟其他反叙实动词不同的语义表现：其宾语在有些情况下是假的（如：假装害怕?不害怕），但在有些情况下却是真的（如：假装摔倒?摔倒了）。文章指出，“假装”类动词的宾语的真假，跟宾语的情状类型直接相关：当宾语的情状类型为动作时，该宾语为真;当宾语的情状类型为状态时，该宾语为假。……