提 要 全球化创造了一个多语并存的阿拉伯社会。针对阿拉伯世界的多语语言生活现状和融入全球化的现实需求，阿拉伯各国政府根据本国语言生活特点，推行了一门外语为主、多门外语为辅的多语外语教育政策，且普遍使用外语作为理工科类课程的教学媒介语，旨在充分发挥语言的工具性功能，保障母语主体地位的同时提高国家外语能力。阿拉伯国家的外语教育政策提高了国民语言能力，但国家对语言工具性功能的狭义理解造成外语教育政策中阿拉伯语学术化的目标无法实现。同时，阿拉伯国家缺乏专设的语言机构做统一规划，也导致语言政策中母语文化认同的目标没有实现。有鉴于此，我国外语教育政策应在促进跨文化交际的同时服务于中文传播;强化统一专设机构在国家语言生活治理中的地位，全面平衡母语教育和外语教育的关系;中文在阿拉伯国家的国际传播可以积极融入当地的多语和多元语言生活，突出语言的工具性价值。

关键词 阿拉伯国家;外语教育政策;多语;母语

中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014（2021）05-0049-11

DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210504

Foreign Language Policy and Education in Arab Countries： Effects and Problems

Liao Jing

Abstract Globalization has led to increases in different foreign language use in Arab countries. Because of that， Arab countries have created a multilingual education policy which adopted one foreign language as the main language and multiple foreign languages as supplemental languages. In addition， foreign languages are generally used as the medium of instruction for STEM courses. This policy aims at improving the national language capacity by focusing on the instrumental functions of foreign languages and the dominant function of mother tongue. Such endeavours succeeded in one way or another but failed to achieve part of the language policy goals since there is no unified planning work program done by a specific language institute. Therefore， the paper suggests that the Chinese foreign education policy should serve the Chinese language development and call for a specific language institute to well plan the whole language issues and practice it， so as to balance the relations between mother tongue instruction and foreign language education. Also， the paper advises to stress the instrumental value of Chinese language when promote its education in the Arab world so as to actively integrate itself into the multilingual and multicultural Arab countries.

Keywords Arab countries; foreign language policy; multilingual; mother tongue

一、引 言

自20世纪90年代起，全球化对世界人民的政治、经济和社会文化生活产生了深刻影响，国际交往日益频繁。22个阿拉伯国家地处三大洲（亚洲、非洲和欧洲）连接之地，包括位于西亚的沙特阿拉伯、阿拉伯联合酋长国（以下简称阿联酋）、卡塔尔等12个国家和位于非洲的埃及、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥等10个国家。……