张克明 郑佩 焦古月 张振亚

摘  要：理论力学和材料力学是高等工程类专业技术基础课程，在机械、土木和力学等工科专业中的作用和地位不容忽视。材料力学作为理论力学的后续课程，课程内容繁杂且抽象而课时却在不断减少。文章结合自身教学实践和体会，借助理论力学中的基本概念，探讨了材料力学课堂教学中的“新”概念与理论力学的“旧”概念的对接关系，基于此引导学生通过概念建立力学模型，提高课堂的教学品质和学习效果。从“新”“旧”概念对接出发，培养学生灵活运用理论力学和材料力学“新”“旧”知识解决实际问题的能力，进而从理论分析逐步向工程实际过渡，提高学生的工程师职业素质。

关键词：材料力学;理论力学;基本概念;工程实际

中图分类号：G642        文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2021）22-0126-06

Abstract： Theoretical mechanics and material mechanics are basic technical courses for advanced engineering specialties， and their roles and positions in engineering majors such as machinery， civil engineering and mechanics cannot be ignored. As a follow-up course of theoretical mechanics， material mechanics， although the course content is complex and abstract， the class hours are constantly decreasing. This article combined with its own teaching practice and experience， with the help of the basic concepts in theoretical mechanics， discussed the "new" concept in the classroom teaching of materials mechanics The docking relationship with the "old" concept of theoretical mechanics is based on guiding students to build a mechanics model through the concept to improve classroom teaching quality and learning effect. Starting from the docking of the concepts of "new" and "old"， students will be able to flexibly use the "new" and "old" knowledge of theoretical mechanics and material mechanics to solve practical problems， and then gradually transition from theoretical analysis to engineering practice to improve the quality of students' engineers.

Keywords： material mechanics; theoretical mechanics; basic concepts; engineering practice

一、 存在的問题

理论力学和材料力学作为最重要的两门力学类专业技术基础课，理解其中的概念是很重要的，掌握概念之间的联系就更为重要。特别是，理论力学研究对象一般不是实际具体的物体，而是简化模型（例如航天器、大型储罐等简化为多体动力学模型），包括质点、质点系和刚体，实际上它们都是不存在的;任何构件在外力作用下都会产生变形，或大或小，并在外力增加到一定程度时还可能发生破坏。而材料力学[1-2]是本科学习阶段第一门与工程实际联系比较紧密的学科，理论力学[3-4]的概念是如何应用到材料力学上的呢？或者材料力学如何借助理论力学的知识使学习得到更大的提升呢？……