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地域歧视、补偿性溢价与户籍工资差距

2021-09-12鄢姣许敏波孟大虎

人口与经济 2021年4期
关键词:特征差异

鄢姣 许敏波 孟大虎

摘 要:利用2002—2018年间四次中国住户收入调查数据,探究城镇劳动力市场上本地户口和外地户口劳动力之间的工资差距,并从行业内外选择的角度解释户籍工资差距变化。研究发现:2002和2007年本地户口劳动力的工资高于外地户口劳动力,但2013和2018年户籍工资差距发生了逆转。原因有两点:其一,外地户口劳动力的人力资本水平大幅提高,使得不同户籍之间的可观察特征差异显著降低。其二,户籍改革降低了行业内外的地域歧视,外地户口劳动力外出就业获得的补偿性溢价凸显。虽然行业间的地域歧视依然存在,但是行业内的补偿效果超过了歧视,使得行业内户籍工资差异逆转。

关键词:地域歧视;补偿性溢价;户籍工资差距;人力资本

中图分类号:F244.2  文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4149(2021)04-0108-18

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2021.00.033

Abstract: Using four round Chinese household income project surveys of 2002-2018, this paper explores the wage gaps between migrants and local labor forces in urban China s labor markets, and explains the change of wage gaps from the perspectives of intra- and interindustrial differentials. We find that in 2002 and 2007, the wage of workers with local registration is higher than that with nonlocal registration, while the result is reversed in 2013 and 2018. There are mainly two reasons: Firstly, the human capital of migrants has been improved a lot, and it is closed to the human capital of the workers with local registration, so the explained component of the intraindustrial differentials converges to zero; Secondly, the geographic discrimination between and within industries is declined due to household registration reform. Although regional discrimination still exists among industries, the compensation effect within the industry exceeds the discrimination, resulting in the reversal of household registration wage difference within the industry.

Keywords:geographic discrimination;compensatory premium;wage gap;human capital

一、引言及文献综述

第七次全国人口普查数据显示,2020年我国常住地与户籍地分离的流动人口达到3.76亿,占总人口的比例为26.7%,大约每四个人中就有一个是流动人口数据来源:国家统计局《第七次全国人口普查主要数据情况》,其中流动人口是指常住地和户籍所在地分离,不含市辖区内人户分离的情形。。但是,在中国城镇劳动力市场上,外来流动人口始终无法享有就业机会公平、同工同酬、社会保障公平和社会服务公平的权利[1]。在新一轮户籍制度改革的背景下,农业和非农业的户籍属性将会逐步取消,本地户口和非本地户口劳动者之間的户籍差异日益突出,成为需要特别关注的研究问题。……

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