王霆 李洋

摘 要：以我国农民工就业情况为案例，收集了31个省级行政区的农民工就业政策文本，并使用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA）从条件组态的角度探究就业政策的出台对促进农民工就业的影响路径，揭示了就业政策单要素与多条件组合对农民工就业的影响路径。研究发现，促进农民工就业需要不同类目的政策条件进行“因地制宜”的有机组合，单一政策条件无法产生促进农民工就业的并发作用。以作为需求型政策工具的“畅通农民工维权通道”政策和作为环境型政策工具的“加强农民工安全生产和职业健康保护”政策作为核心政策条件的省份更容易产生较为充分的农民工就业。根据对条件及结果组态的分析研究，环境支持主导型路径、需求—供给推拉型路径、需求—环境互补型路径和供需—环境联动型路径是实现就业政策促进农民工就业的四大影响路径。

关键词：农民工就业;就业政策;fsQCA;政策工具

中图分类号：F241 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4149（2021）04-0037-14

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2021.00.028

Abstract：This article uses the employment situation of peasant workers in China as a case， with the texts of employment policy for peasant workers in 31 provincial administrative regions， and the fsQCA method from the perspective of configuration to explore the impact path of the employment policy to promote the employment of migrant workers from the perspective of conditional configuration， which reveals the influence path of single factor and multicondition combination of employment policy on the employment of migrant workers. The study found that the employment of peasant workers needs an organic combination of different policy conditions to “adapt measures to local conditions”， while a single policy condition cannot produce the concurrent effect of promoting the employment of migrant workers.The provinces with demandoriented policy tools such as “unimpeded rightsafeguarding channel of peasant workers” and environmentoriented policy tools such as “strengthening the safety of work and occupational health protection of peasant workers” as the core policy conditions are more likely to produce more adequate employment of peasant workers. According to the analysis of conditions and result configuration， this paper analyzes the four influencing paths of the employment policy to absorb peasant workers employment， which includes environmentsupporting dominant path， demandsupply pushpull path， demandenvironment complementary path and demandsupplyenvironment linkage path.

Keywords：employment of peasant workers;employment policy;fsQCA;policy tool

2021年是“十四五”规划的开局之年，也将会是“以人为中心”的新型城鎮化助推国家现代化发展的破局之年。习近平总书记在2020年12月28日召开的中央农村工作会议上强调，要坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重。国家统计局2021年4月发布的《2020年农民工监测调查报告》显示，2020年农民工总量已逾2.8亿。当前我国农民工群体已经从工业化、城镇化快速发展进程中的新型劳动力大军成长为产业工人的主体。……