谢家智 姚领

摘 要：“鄉土中国”向“城乡中国”转型引发农户社会资本发生水平拓展与纵向延伸的变迁，但传统与新型社会资本对贫困脆弱性影响的异质性没有引起关注。基于此，将农户社会资本分解为紧密型、联系型与桥接型社会资本，提出了不同类型社会资本对贫困脆弱性影响效应差异的研究假设。基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS） 数据，从影响效应、传导机制、组间异质效应多维度检验研究假设。研究发现：一是不同类型的社会资本均能缓解贫困脆弱性，但总体上水平拓展形成的联系型社会资本的功效相对更大，传统紧密型社会资本次之，纵向延伸形成的桥接型社会资本最小;二是不同类型社会资本均主要通过风险缓释、收入增长两大机制影响农户贫困脆弱性，但是联系型社会资本的中介效应占比更高（高达85.87%）;三是不同人群在不同类型社会资本缓解贫困脆弱性中获益不均等，紧密型社会资本对低脆弱农户、联系型社会资本对高脆弱农户、桥接型社会资本对贫困农户（包括绝对贫困和相对贫困）的影响效应不显著。

关键词：城乡中国;社会资本异质性;贫困脆弱性

中图分类号：C913.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4149（2021）04-0001-21

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2021.00.026

Abstract： The transition from “rural China” to “urban and rural China” has triggered the changes of the occurrence level and vertical extension of peasant households social capital， but the heterogeneity of the impact of traditional and new social capital on poverty vulnerability has not attracted attention. Based on this， this paper divides rural household social capital into close， connected and bridging social capital， and puts forward the research hypothesis of different types of social capital have different effects on poverty vulnerability. Based on the data of the China Family Panal Studies（CFPS）， the hypotheses of this study were tested from the perspectives of influence effect， transmission mechanism， and heterogeneous effect between groups. The findings are as follows： Firstly， different types of social capital can alleviate poverty vulnerability， but on the whole， the connected social capital formed by horizontal expansion has greater effect than  traditional tight social capital， and bridging social capital formed by vertical extension has the least effect. Secondly， different types of social capital mainly affect the poverty vulnerability of peasant household

through two mechanisms： risk mitigation and income growth， but the mediating effect of connected social capital is higher （up to 85.87%）. Thirdly， different groups benefit unequally from different types of social capital in alleviating poverty vulnerability. The effect of tight social capital on low vulnerable farmers， connected social capital on high vulnerable farmers and bridge social capital on poor farmers （including absolute poverty and relative poverty） is not significant.

Keywords：urban and rural China;social capital heterogeneity;poverty vulnerability

一、引言

《人口与经济》2021年第4期

谢家智，等：社会资本变迁与农户贫困脆弱性

伴随工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化的推进，我国农村经济社会发生着深刻的变革，集中表现为农村地区正由“传统社会”加速向“现代社会”转型。原本……