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中国主要城市群人口迁移倾向研究

2021-09-12肖周燕李慧慧

人口与经济 2021年4期

肖周燕 李慧慧

摘 要:互联网的发展以及大数据的开发和应用为研究城市间的人口迁移流动提供了可能。利用网络用户搜索信息行为数据,构造人口迁移倾向指标,在分析中国三大城市群城际人口迁移倾向概率和方向基础上,利用马尔科夫链对人口迁移倾向概率进行预测,以此对城市群未来城际人口迁移态势作出判断。研究发现,粤港澳大湾区和长三角城际人口迁入迁出倾向活跃,它们依然是目前乃至以后中国人口迁移活跃地区;京津冀城际人口迁移倾向活跃程度明显低于长三角和粤港澳大湾区,北京与周边城市虽然物理距离比较近,但迁移倾向关联度不高。长三角城市群的上海、南京、舟山等地,粤港澳大湾区的珠海、香港、深圳、广州、澳门、惠州和中山以及京津冀城市群的天津将是中国未来人口迁移的主要目的地。

关键词:城市群;迁移倾向;预测

中图分类号:C922  文献标识码:A  文章编号:1000-4149(2021)04-0022-15

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2021.00.027

Abstract:The development of the Internet and the application of big data have made it possible to study the population migration between cities. Based on the analysis of the probability and direction of the intercity population migration in the three major urban agglomerations of China, this paper constructs the index of the population migration propensity according to the information searching behavior data of network users and predicts the probability of population migration by using Markov chain, so as to judge the future intercity population migration trend in urban agglomerations. The results show that GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area and Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations are still the active areas of population migration in China at present and in the future. The active degree of population migration tendency of BeijingTianjinHebei Urban Agglomeration is lower than that in Yangtze River Delta Region and GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area, Although the physical distance between Beijing and surrounding cities is relatively close, the correlation degree of migration tendency is not high. In the future, the cities of Shanghai, Nanjing and Zhoushan in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Macao, Huizhou and Zhongshan in the GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area, and Tianjin in the BeijingTianjinHebei Urban Agglomeration will be the main destinations of China s population migration.

Keywords:urban agglomeration;migration propensity;predict

一、引言

当前中国城镇化已进入中心城市带动城市群,进而带动区域经济发展的新阶段。城市群不仅是推行城镇化的重要载体,同时也是流动人口集聚的重要平台。流动人口不断向大城市及城市群聚集,一方面彰显了区域经济发展的变迁,另一方面必将重塑中国社会经济发展格局。为此,城市群的人口迁移研究对于中国宏观经济决策十分重要。传统的人口迁移分析主要从人口普查或抽样调查中获取迁移人口数据,但上述数据在时效性、方向性和连续性方面往往存在缺陷,且利用传统数据分析人口迁移多侧重省际层面[1-2],缺乏城际层面的探讨,研究范围的宽泛难以全面反映现实的人口迁移情况,对政策的指导意义有限。……

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