朱瑞 李姝璇 赵明智

摘 要：为了响应教育部的伟大号召，高校教育把学生的培养与教育由线下转移到线上。目前为止，线上教育在国内发展尚未成熟。因此，高校在线教育、教学开展过程中，暴露出诸多问题亟须面对和解决。文章分别以教师和学生为主体，采用问卷调查法和访谈法，研究高校开展在线教育的现状，总结出高校在线教育中“教”和“学”存在的普遍问题。为了更好地开展线上教育，提高教学质量，应在授课主体、硬件建设、管理监督等方面予以改进，保证教育、教学的有序进行。

关键词：在线教育;教与学;问题及對策;高校

Research on theproblems and countermeasures of teaching and

learning in online education in colleges and universities

Zhu Rui Li Shuxuan Zhao Mingzhi

Tongda College of Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications JiangsuYangzhou 225127

Abstract：In response to the great call of the Ministry of Education to"suspend classes without stopping school"，college education has shifted the training and education of students from offline to online.So far，the development of online education in China has not yet matured.Therefore，in the process of online education and teaching in colleges and universities，many problems have been exposed and need to be faced and solved urgently.The article takes teachers and students as the main body，uses questionnaire survey method and interview method to study the current situation of online education in colleges and universities，and summarizes the common problems of "teaching" and "learning" in college online education.In order to better carry out online education and improve teaching quality，improvements should be made in the teaching subjects，hardware construction，management supervision，etc.，to ensure the orderly progress of education and teaching.

Keywords：online education;teaching and learning;problems and countermeasures;colleges and universities

1 以教师为主体线上教学存在问题的研究

通过对南京邮电大学通达学院教师进行深层访谈，探究出在线教育在教师教学过程中存在的短板与不足。教师线上教学过程中，各种网课资源“鱼目混珠”，电子教材配备不全。基于互动性教学视角，虚拟的网络平台限制了如小组讨论类互动性学习的进行，线上授课互动效果不佳、趣味性不足。此外，教师未经过系统培训，信息化素养略显不足，对学生心理状态的关注也有待提升。

1.1 线上授课资源适用性不强，电子教材配备不全

优质的网课资源、适合的教材是在线教育顺利开展的必要保障。随着信息技术的快速发展，出现了海量的在线教学资源。尽管学习资源数量众多，优质且适合教师用于教学的学习资源数量有限，许多教师面临“无米之炊”的尴尬境遇。学习资源质量良莠不齐，如何正确鉴别、选择、合理运用这些资源对于教师而言是很大的挑战。……