黄萍 曾白林 童黄锦 徐梦丹 朱立忠

摘 要 目的：建立色差法测定药用植物蜡叶标本颜色的方法，研究温度和压力对蜡叶标本叶片颜色的影响，优化标本保色工艺。方法：色差法测定6种药用植物蜡叶标本叶颜色值，统计分析不同温度、不同压力总色差ΔE大小。结果：色差法测出的结果客观精确，6种药用植物标本色差冷藏加压优于常温加压（P<0.05）；压力大小对6种药用植物标本叶片色差影响不同，石榴叶加压100 kg、桔梗叶加压300 kg、凌霄叶、射干叶、菊叶、月季叶加压500 kg条件色差最小下保色最好。结论：色差法可应用于药用植物蜡叶标本颜色测定，冷藏加压法可应用于蜡叶标本保色研究。

关键词 药用植物 蜡叶标本 工艺优化

中图分类号：R281 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）15-0043-04

Determination of the color difference of wax leaf specimen of medicinal plants and the optimization of color preservation technology

HUANG Ping， ZENG Bailin， TONG Huangjin， XU Mengdan， ZHU Lizhong

（Department of Pharmacy， the Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine； Department of Pharmacy， Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Nanjing 210028， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To establish a method for the determination of the color of medicinal plant wax leaf specimens by color difference method， to study the influence of temperature and pressure on the color of wax leaf specimens and to optimize the color preservation technology. Methods： The color values of six kinds of medicinal plant wax leaf samples were measured by color difference method， and the total color difference ΔE value at different temperatures and pressures was statistically analyzed. Results： The results measured by color difference method were objective and accurate， and the color difference of six kinds of medicinal plant specimens under cold storage and pressure was better than that under normal temperature （P<0.05）. The influence of pressure on the color difference of six kinds of medicinal plant specimens was different and the color was the best and the color difference was the smallest when the pomegranate leaves were pressurized under 100 kg， platycodon grandiflorum leaves under 300 kg， Chinese trumpet creeper leaves， belamcanda leaves， chrysanthemum leaves and rose leaves under 500 kg， respectively. Conclusion： The color difference method can be used for the determination of the color of medicinal plant wax leaf specimens， and the cold storage and pressure method can be used for the study of color retention of wax leaf specimens.

KEY WORDS medicinal plants； wax leaf specimen； process optimization

藥用植物标本在科研和教学中有重要的作用，是药用植物鉴别的永久性查考资料[1]。蜡叶标本因为有操作简便、成本低、环保、易于查阅、便携等优点被广泛应用，但由于长期暴露在空气中，药用植物色素对光、热、氧、微生物等变化敏感，稳定性差，颜色变枯黄，与鲜品色差大，失去了标本最直观的特征[2-3]，因此，标本保色研究是标本制作工艺中需要解决的难题。目前对标本颜色没法做到客观量化研究，实验者主要通过眼睛主观评判色差，评分误差大。课题组经过长期反复实践，优化传统的绑扎带捆扎标本制作方法，采用三角铁和螺丝加固标本，给标本夹施以重压，最高压力可达500 kg，将压制好的标本夹贮藏在冷藏室和常温室，通过实验考察六种药用植物蜡叶标本在不同温度、不同压力下的保色情况，并尝试用色差计测量蜡叶标本色度值，进一步优化标本保色工艺。

1 材料与方法

1.1 药用植物

石榴、凌霄、桔梗、射干、菊花、月季六种药用植物标本叶。……