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口服补铁无效的缺铁性贫血1例治疗

2021-09-07富雪玮王蔚

上海医药 2021年15期

富雪玮 王蔚

摘 要 缺铁性贫血是临床上最常见的一种贫血,其可由许多不同的病因引起。目前全球1/3人口患有贫血,其中大多数由缺铁导致。对于单纯铁缺乏患者,口服补铁为首选治疗方法。而对于非单纯铁缺乏患者,是选择口服补铁还是经静脉途径补铁呢?本文通过对1例病例诊治过程的介绍和相应的文献复习,讨论缺铁性贫血治疗方案的选择原则。

关键词 缺铁性贫血 炎症性贫血 经静脉用铁剂

中图分类号:R556.3 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)15-0008-03

Iron deficiency anemia unresponsive to oral iron: one case and treatment

FU Xuewei, WANG Wei

(Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)

ABSTRACT Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia in clinical practice, which can be caused by many different reasons. Currently, one third of the worlds population suffers from anemia, most of which are due to iron deficiency. For patients merely with iron deficiency, oral iron is considered front line therapy. For patients with not only iron deficiency but also other risk of anemia, should we choose oral iron supplementation or intravenous iron supplementation? This article discusses the principles of treatments for iron deficiency anemia through a case and literature review.

KEY WORDS iron deficiency anemia; anemia of inflammation; intravenous iron

据估计,全球1/3人口患有贫血,其中大多数由铁缺乏引起[1]。临床上,缺铁性贫血有两种类型:一种是因营养因素或各种慢性失血所导致的缺铁性贫血;另一种是与慢性病合并存在的慢性病贫血。慢性病贫血亦被称为炎症性贫血,是继缺铁性贫血后的第二常见贫血类型,常见于慢性感染、长期炎症性疾病、创伤、恶性肿瘤和器官衰竭等患者。对于缺铁性贫血患者,口服铁剂是一种有效、安全、方便、价廉的治疗方法;而对于不能耐受口服铁剂治疗或口服铁剂治疗无效的患者,应当改用经静脉途径补铁[1]。本例患者口服补铁效果差,有自身免疫性疾病,被诊断为炎症性贫血合并缺铁性贫血,其治疗方案与缺铁性贫血不同。

1 病史摘要

患者女,22岁,因“头晕、乏力加重1个月余伴反复低热10 d”于2020年11月2日入院。

2015年11月,患者因出现双下肢疼痛、麻木进行性加重9个月,突发腹泻和双下肢无力,无法站立,被当地医院诊断为“多发性硬化症”,经人免疫球蛋白、甲泼尼龙治疗有效。……

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