杨璐嘉 李明杰

[摘 要] 元朝中央政府通过设立司农司，向地方派遣劝农使，颁布劝课农桑的法令，减免田租地税，兴修水利和奖励屯垦等一系列措施，推动了农业及农学的发展。为了普及和推广农业生产技术，在官方鼓励下，元代知识分子编纂出版了大量农书。本文在分析元代农书编纂出版兴起的社会背景的基础上，通过对历代书目及相关史料的发掘和考辨，列举元代编纂出版的农书共11类61种，并对元代农书编纂出版的特点作了全面归纳和总结。

[关键词] 元代 农书 编纂出版 刻书史

[中图分类号] G239[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1009-5853 （2021） 04-0119-10

[Abstract] In Yuan Dynasty， the central government promoted the development of agriculture and agronomy by setting up the Administration of National Treasury， sending agriculture-encouragement officials to local governments to supervise local farming， issuing laws and regulations to urge and encourage agricultural development， reducing or remitting land rent and local taxes， building water conservancy projects， rewarding reclamation and other measures. In order to popularize and extend agricultural production technology， with the encouragement of the government， the intellectuals of Yuan Dynasty compiled and published a large number of agricultural books. Based on the analysis of the social background of the rise of the compilation and publication of the agricultural books in the Yuan Dynasty， this paper lists 61 kinds of agricultural books compiled and published in Yuan Dynasty， which are divided into 11 categories， through the exploration and research of the bibliographies and relevant historical materials of the previous dynasties， and makes a comprehensive summary of the characteristics of the compilation and publication of the agricultural books in Yuan Dynasty.

[Key words] Yuan Dynasty Agricultural books Compilation and publication History of engraving books

中国古代对于科技文献的整理与出版历来不是很重视。一个对比鲜明的例证就是：当年秦始皇焚书坑儒，科技类的“医药、卜筮、种树之书”并不在焚烧范围之内，但绝少流传至今;相反，那些本在禁锢之列的所谓“圣经贤传”，人们总是设法通过各种途径（比如藏在山洞里，或砌在墙壁里，或干脆记在脑子里）保留下来，使之发扬光大。因此，元初马端临发出了“圣经贤传，终古不朽;而小道异端，虽存必亡”[1]的感慨。从现存文献和书目记载来看，医书和农书是中国古代科技出版的两大主要类型。与其他封建王朝相比，由少数民族蒙古族建立的元朝对农业格外重视，因此在农书的编纂出版方面取得了不俗的成绩。

1 元代农书编纂出版兴起的社会背景

蒙元起于漠北，初入中原之际，只谙弓马，未遑农事。蒙古族在以武力统一全国的过程中，不仅对汉民族施以疯狂杀戮，还将农民强行逐出农田，使之成为“驱口”（奴隶），同时把成片的良田变成牧场，强行推行牧区的生产方式。……