邱天

【摘 要】 膏方治疗妇科疾病古已有之，经历千百年的发展积淀，沿用至今，日趋完善。古人有云：“妇人之病，比之男子十倍难疗。”妇女以血为本，一生经历“经孕产乳”数度伤血耗气，故虚实夹杂中以虚为主。膏方善补虚，故用以调治妇科疾病，优势独具，临床效果显著。文章对妇科膏方的历史发展及现代研究进展进行综述。

【关键词】 膏方;妇科病;研究进展

【中图分类号】R271.1 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）15-0069-05

Abstract：The Herbal Paste has been used in the treatment of gynecological diseases in ancient times. After thousands of years of development and accumulation， it has been used today and is becoming more perfect. The ancients have said： “Women's diseases are ten times more difficult to treat than men.” Women are blood-based， and have experienced “pregnancy and lactation” several times in their lives， which injures blood and consumes chi. Therefore， deficiency is mainly due to the interminggled of deficiency and excess. The Herbal Paste is good for tonifying deficiency， so it is used to treat gynecological diseases. It has unique advantages and significant clinical effects. The historical development and modern research progress of gynecological Herbal Paste are summarized as follows.

Keywords：Herbal Paste;Gynecological Disease;Advances

膏方又称膏滋、煎膏，属中医八大传统剂型“丸、散、膏、丹、酒、露、汤、锭”之一，是冬季调治疾病的重要方法，也是一种独特的调理调补方式[1]。膏方始于汉初，发展于唐宋，成熟于明清，经历千百年的发展积淀，沿用至今，日趋完善。它是医师四诊合参后，依据整体观念以及辨证论治的思想，针对患者的体质与病情，根据平衡阴阳，调和气血的组方原则，按照君臣佐使的配伍方法，合理拟方后，将方中中药饮片经过浸泡后反复煎煮，去渣浓缩，再掺入糖类、胶类及细料类等进行收膏，最终熬炼成厚状半流质的制剂。其优点为浓度高、药力缓和、药性稳定且持久、服用方便，且一人一方，个体化定制。故膏方适用于不同年龄、不同疾病、不同体质的人群。

膏方尤善补虚，女性一生经历“经孕产乳”数度伤血耗气，更容易出现虚损之证，《金匮要略》中将妇人疾病病因归纳为“虚、积冷、结气”，其中虚占首位，可知补虚对于治疗妇科病的重要性。故用以调治妇科疾病，优势独具。

1 古代膏方治疗妇科疾病