杨伊乐 王海涛 马涛艺 苗圃

摘要 通过2年的探索与实践，逐步完善和发展了适合伊川烟叶生产的“1-7-7S”烟叶采烤分一体化服务模式，有效整合了生产资源要素，推动了烟叶生产向专业化、集约化、工序化、标准化方向发展，实现了劳动生产效率的明显提高，减工降本增效成效突出，每公顷节约成本2 491.5元;促进了烟叶烘烤质量明显改善，烘烤收益显著增加，上等烟提高10.4百分点，烘烤损失率降低7.98百分点，每公顷增加收益5 447.3元。烟叶采烤分一体化作业，是加快现代烟草农业建设的重要举措，要大力推进，全面实施。

关键词 烟叶采烤分一体化;服务模式;探索与实践

中图分类号 TS 44  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0239-04

Abstract Through 2 years of exploration and practice， we have gradually developed and perfected the “1-7-7S” integrated service model of tobacco leaf harvesting， curing and grading. This is a suitable mode for Yichuan tobacco production characteristics， which effectively integrates production resource elements， promotes the development of tobacco leaf production in the direction of specialization， intensification， process and standardization and in turn achieves a significant increase in labor production efficiency with outstanding results in reducing labor cost， saving 2 491.5 yuan per hm2.Moreover， this model improves the curing quality of tobacco leaf， which significantly increased the income. The yield rate of premium tobacco increases by 10.4%， the loss rate of curing decreases by 7.98%， and the income increases by 5 447.3 yuan per hm2. The integrated operation of tobacco leaf harvesting， curing and grading is an important measure to accelerate the construction of modern tobacco agriculture， which should be vigorously promoted and fully implemented.

Key words Integrated operation of tobacco leaf harvesting，curing and grading;Service model; Exploration and practice

作者简介 杨伊乐（1970—），男，河南伊川人，农艺师，从事烟草栽培技术的研究和推广工作。

收稿日期 2020-09-14

在整个烟叶生产过程中，采收、烘烤、分级是烟叶生产的重要环节，技术要求最严，用工数量最多，劳动强度最大，市场风险最高，生产要素投入最密集，特别是用工需求占整个生产过程用工数的40%以上[1-2]。由于烟农技术水平的差异，较为普遍地存在着采收不当、烤黑烤青烤糟、分级三混等现象的发生，降低了烟叶质量，减少了烟农收入。据统计，每年因采烤分技术落实不当，造成潜在的隐形经济损失在15%左右。随着现代烟草农业的推进，烟叶生产规模化种植、集约化经营、社会化参与，烟叶专业合作社[3]、家庭农场等新的生产组织形式已经普遍成为烟叶生产的主要方式，同时卷烟工业对烟叶的质量特色要求越来越高，相对应对采烤分技能要求也越来越高[4-5]。……