环境DNA技术在软体动物资源中的应用
2021-09-03陈金萍李雄辉周春花欧阳珊吴小平
陈金萍 李雄辉 周春花 欧阳珊 吴小平
摘要 环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)是指有机体与外界进行物质交换(摄食、排泄等)时脱落的DNA片段。eDNA技术是指从环境样品(土壤、沉积物、水体等)中直接提取DNA片段后,利用测序技术对生物进行定性或定量分析。与传统方法相比,eDNA技术具有效率高、分辨率高、采样无损伤性等优点。环境DNA技术自问世以来,受到了广泛的应用,主要应用于水生生物的生物监测、保护生物学(单(多)种检测、丰度估计)、入侵生物学(早期物种检测、被动监视)和环境监测等。综述了环境DNA技术在软体动物研究中的取样方法、研究进展、优势、局限,以及该方法在软体动物入侵物种防治、濒危物种保护、物种多样性评价和生物量检测中的研究现状,同时对环境DNA在软体动物资源中的应用前景进行了展望,以期为软体动物资源多样性的研究和保护提供新的技术和手段。
关键词 环境DNA;软体动物;取样方法;应用;研究现状
中图分类号 Q 958.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)14-0022-03
Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA fragments that organisms shed in their surrounding environment when in exchange for material (ingestion, excretion, etc.) with otuside,eDNA technology refers to the direct extraction of DNA fragments from environmental samples (soil, sediment and water, etc.), and the use of sequencing technology for qualitative or quantitative analysis of organisms. Compared with traditional methods, eDNA technology is more high efficiency, high resolution and no damage in sampling. eDNA technology has been widely used since it came into being. Mainly used for biomonitoring, conservation biology (single and multispecies detection, abundance estimates), invasion biology (early species detection, passive surveillance) and environmental assessment. This article reviewed the sampling method, research progress, advantages and limitations of eDNA technology in the research of mollusks,and the research status of this method in the prevention and control of mollusks invasion, the protection of endangered species, the evaluation of biodiversity and biomass. At the same time, the application prospect of eDNA in mollusks resources was prospected, it can provide new technique and methods for the research and protection of mollusks biodiversity.
Key words Environmental DNA;Mollusks;Sampling method;Application;Research status
基金项目 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓”重点专项(2018YFD0900801)。
作者简介 陈金萍(1995—),女,江西上饶人,硕士研究生,研究方向:环境DNA水生生物。
*通信作者:周春花,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,从事种群遗传研究;吴小平,教授,博士,博士生导师,从事生物多样性研究。
收稿日期 2020-10-23
软体动物分布于淡水、海水、陆地上,在生态系统中扮演着极其重要的作用,如维持生态平衡、净化水环境等。但是由于近年来城市工业的迅速发展,水域受到人为污染,而软体动物一般迁移性较差,一旦遭到水质污染,较难回避。……
