王新友 王多斌 屈展

摘要 为了探讨农林牧结合地带草地畜牧业的可持续发展性，以S村养牛现状为研究对象，分析了当前和未来几年的草畜平衡状况。结果表明：当前草地欠载，欠载率为29.92%，还可适当扩大养殖数量;2021年底草地表现为超载，超载率为10.36%;按照规划，该地在4年后将严重超载，超载率达61.29%。说明农林牧结合地带应该通过实施改良天然草地机制、发展人工饲草种植、提高草地畜牧业管理水平和大量推广应用草畜先进实用技术，采用牧区繁育和农区育肥跨区域融合发展的政策，才可能实现草地畜牧业的可持续发展。

关键词 草地畜牧业;撂荒地;改良机制;草畜平衡;载畜量

中图分类号 S-9   文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0210-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.056   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Sustainable Development of Grassland Animal Husbandry in the Combination Zone of Agriculture， Forestry and Animal Husbandry—A Case Study of S Village in Qingshui County， Gansu Province

WANG Xin-you1， WANG Duo-bin2， QU Zhan1

（1.The Open University of Gansu， Lanzhou， Gansu 730030; 2. Gansu Provincial Party School， Lanzhou， Gansu 730070）

Abstract In order to explore the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry in the combination zone of agriculture， forestry and animal husbandry， this study took Shigou Village， Qingshui County， Gansu Province as an example， and analyzed the balance of grassland and livestocks in the current and future. The results showed that： at present， the grassland is under loaded， the under loading rate is 29.92%， and the breeding quantity can be appropriately expanded; at the end of 2021， the grassland is overloaded， and the overload rate is 10.36%; according to the plan， the grassland will be seriously overloaded in four years， and the overload rate will reach 61.29%. In order to realize the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry， it is necessary to improve the mechanism of natural grassland， develop artificial forage planting， improve the management level of grassland animal husbandry， popularize and apply a large number of advanced practical techniques of grassland animal husbandry， and adopt the policy of inter regional integration of pastoral breeding and agricultural fattening.

Key words Grassland animal husbandry;Abandoned land;Improvement mechanism;The balance of grassland and livestocks;Livestock carrying capacity

根据各地区资源环境禀赋，发挥资源环境的比较优势，因地制宜培育、发展特色产业[1]，是全面解决“三农”问题，实施乡村振兴的关键措施。推动牛羊养殖，扶持可持续发展的草地畜牧业，是广大农村摆脱贫困，推进乡村振兴的主要路径[2-4]。例如，近年来，甘肃省清水县政府普遍将大力扶持发展畜牧业作为脱贫攻坚的主要抓手，迅速扩展草地畜牧业[5]，引起产业结构的调整和土地利用方式的变化，进而影响着该农林牧交错地带的农村发展、生态环境和农牧民生计。伴随草地畜牧业的崛起，草地生态系统能否实现草畜平衡并促进草原生态系统良性循环，是实现草原畜牧业持续发展亟待解决的科学问题。……