张国新 姚玉涛 丁守鹏 孙叶烁 邢春强

摘要 [目的]研究基質栽培条件下微咸水滴灌对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响，旨在为基质栽培番茄的微咸水提质增效利用提供数据支撑。[方法]采用槽式基质栽培形式，共设置3个水处理浓度，即0.3（T 1，CK）、3.0（T 2）、5.0 g/L（T 3），在番茄开花至拉秧期间滴灌处理，进行株高、根干鲜重、产量等指标及可溶性固形物、V C、有机酸、番茄红素、芳香成分等品质指标分析。[结果]处理5 d内，T 1、T 2处理株高增长量大体相同，但T 3处理株高增长量明显降低;T 2、T 3处理根干重、根鲜重显著低于T 1处理（ P <0.05），T 2、T 3处理间差异不显著;随着微咸水浓度的增加，番茄产量逐渐降低，T 2、T 3处理分别较T 1处理降低45.2%和60.8%，差异达到显著水平;可溶性固形物、有机酸、番茄红素含量随着咸水浓度的增加而逐渐升高，其中可溶性固形物、有机酸含量的增加幅度较大，T 2、T 3处理分别较T 1处理增加22.9%、54.8% 和28.6%、97.2%，3个处理间差异均达到显著水平，而V C含量呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势;T 1、T 2、T 3处理分别检测出36、34和29种香气成分，3个处理中2-异丁基噻唑含量最高，且随着微咸水浓度的升高，2-异丁基噻唑含量明显增加。[结论]微咸水灌溉可以显著提升品质，但开花至拉秧期间持续灌溉却会大幅度降低番茄产量，基质栽培中应注重低浓度微咸水的利用，灌溉制度有待进一步研究。

关键词 微咸水;番茄;基质栽培;生长;品质

中图分类号 S 275.6  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0200-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.054   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Brackish Water Drip Irrigation on the Growth and Quality of Tomato Grown in Substrate Cultivation in Coastal Area

ZHANG Guo-xin， YAO Yu-tao， DING Shou-peng et al

（Institute of Coastal Agriculture，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Tangshan，Hebei  063200）

Abstract [Objective] The effects of brackish water drip irrigation on the growth， yield and quality of tomato under substrate culture were studied，in order to provide data supports for the efficient utilization of brackish water in the substrate cultivation of tomato. [Method] Using trough substrate cultivation method， three water treatment concentrations were set up，including T 1（0.3 g/L） （control）， T 2（3.0 g/L）， T 3（5.0 g/L）. Irrigation was carried out from the tomato blooms to the seedling stage. The plant height， root dry and fresh weight， yield， soluble solids， V C， organic acid， lycopene， aromatic components and other quality indices were measured and analyzed.  [Result] Within 5 days， the plant height growth of T 1 and T 2 treatments was roughly the same， but that of T 3 treatment was significantly reduced. The dry and fresh root weight of T 2 and T 3 treatments were significantly lower than those of T 1 treatment， and there was no significant difference between T 2 and T 3 treatments. With the concentration increase of brackish water， the yield of tomato gradually decreased， the  yield of tomato in T 2 and T 3 treatments decreased by 45.2% and 60.8% respectively compared with T 1 treatment， with significant difference. The content of soluble solids， organic acids， and lycopene gradually increased with the increase of salt water concentration， and soluble solids and organic acids increased by a large extent. The content of soluble solids and organic acids in T 2 and T 3 treatments increased by 22.9%， 54.8% and 28.6%， 97.2% respectively compared with T 1 treatment， and there was significant difference among three treatments. V C content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. 36， 34 and 29 kinds of aroma components were detected in T 1， T 2， and T 3 treatments respectively. The relative content of 2-isobutylthiazole was the highest in the three treatments， and its content increased sharply as the concentration of brackish water increased. [Conclusion]  Irrigation with brackish water could significantly improve the quality， but continuous irrigation from flowering to pull seedlings would greatly reduce the yield. In substrate cultivation， the use of lower concentration of brackish water should be emphasized，  and the irrigation method needed to be further studied.

Key words Brackish water;Tomato;Substrate cultivation;Growth;Quality

咸水是我国重要的非常规水资源。我国地下可开采利用微咸水（2～5 g/L）资源为130亿m3，主要分布在华北、西北以及沿海区[1-2]。环渤海区作为我国淡水较匮乏区，盐碱地资源丰富，如何利用地下咸水进行农业生产是解决淡水资源短缺的有效途径。

蔬菜基质栽培是无土栽培主要形式[3]，我国近些年在多种蔬菜上已开展基质配方、肥料运用等研究及应用[4-6]。微咸水作为特色水资源，在玉米、小麦等大田作物上应用已有几十年的历史[7]，由于适度微咸水灌溉可以提升蔬菜品质[8-12]，其在蔬菜上如何利用也逐渐得到人们重视。番茄是我国种植面积最大的蔬菜，其耐盐性较强，目前已经开展了土培模式下微咸水对番茄的影响研究[13-14]，但在基质栽培条件下微咸水对番茄生长及品质的影响研究鲜见报道。……