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利用小桐子油厌氧发酵产沼气试验研究

2021-08-30苏有勇张陈李珍CAMARAZOUMANA魏志豪

安徽农业科学 2021年16期

苏有勇 张陈 李珍 CAMARA ZOUMANA 魏志豪

摘要 以小桐子油为原料,在(40±1)℃下进行厌氧发酵试验,测定其产沼气性能。结果表明,小桐子油厌氧发酵平均产气周期为33 d,两个阶段的小桐子油平均原料产气率为286.62 mL/g,平均池容产气率为0.73 m3/(m3·d)。通过对发酵前后泥油热解特性分析,验证了小桐子油中长链脂肪酸被分解为小分子脂肪酸。这说明以油脂为唯一碳源仍然可以进行沼气发酵,为小桐子油的资源化利用开辟了一个有效途径。

关键词 小桐子油;厌氧发酵;沼气;池容产气率

中图分类号 S 216.4  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)16-0196-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.053   开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Experimental Study on the Biogas Production by Anaerobic Fermentation of  Jatropha curcas  L.Oil

SU You-yong, ZHANG Chen, LI Zhen et al (Faculty of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming,Yunnan  650500)

Abstract  Jatropha curcas  L.oil was taken as raw material to make the anaerobic fermentation at (40±1) ℃,and the biogas production performance was studied. The results showed that the average biogas production cycle of  J. curcas  L. oil anaerobic fermentation was 33 days. The average biogas yield of  J. curcas  L. oil in two stages was 286.62 mL/g and the average volumetric biogas production rate was 0.73 m3/(m3·d). By analyzing the pyrolysis characteristics of mud oil before and after fermentation, it was verified that the long-chain fatty acids in  J. curcas  L. oil were decomposed into small molecular fatty acids. This indicated that the biogas fermentation could still be carried out with oil as the sole carbon source, which opened up an effective way for the utilization of  J. curcas  L. oil as a resource.

Key words  Jatropha curcas  L. oil;Anaerobic fermentation;Biogas;Volumetric biogas production rate

小桐子( Jatropha curcas  L.)為大戟科植物,常绿或落叶小乔木或灌木,又名麻疯树[1],小桐子种仁含油率为50%~80%[2]。利用小桐子油制备生物柴油技术已成为国内外的一个研究热点[3],也是目前利用小桐子资源化处理的主要研究方向。小桐子油制备生物柴油过程中往往需要消耗大量能量,同时产生碱性废水,对反应设备具有较强腐蚀性。微生物利用油脂作为碳源和能源,在脂肪酶和其他多种酶的共同作用下将油水解成甘油和脂肪酸,最后分解为CO 2、H 2O、CH 4,具有安全无毒、效率高、成本低、不产生二次污染且易繁衍驯化等优点[4]。以小桐子油为发酵原料进行厌氧发酵产生沼气。厌氧发酵产沼气是在厌氧条件下利用厌氧微生物分解有机物产生甲烷和二氧化碳的过程[5]。

目前以油脂类单独作为厌氧发酵产沼气原料的文献较少。施翔星等[6]在(23±1)℃条件下,采取批量发酵工艺研究了小桐子油枯发酵产沼气的潜力。……

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